Docker engine slow lane (live-restore once by reload; ring-0 pending-docker under a root-owned ring-0 mark; ring 1 and undo only by a signed os_docker_step the wrapper re-verifies against a root-owned signers file; same-container-id health), the version report (facts mode -> host report system stanza, R-852), guest restart scan every pass (R-849), the crash guard (kernel.panic=10, the 3rd unclean stop in 60 min stays off, 24 h re-arm)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_0159rPz1ZhFKsS53msqPYxtS

.gitignore

@@ -9,3 +9,6 @@
 
 # go
 /vendor/
+
+# Python bytecode written by configs/test_felhom_os_apply.py
+configs/__pycache__/

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,192 @@
+## v0.141.1 — "reboot needed" is true on the host (found live on demo-felhom, 2026-10-04)
+
+> **RELEASED 2026-10-04** by `scripts/release-agent.sh` — tag `v0.141.1` (`a6bc3f1`), sha256
+> `b712f577099fd2d374f648df1e825874821302fe1b46e93c7b4b70044fbe84b5`, verified by download. Not vouched at release time.
+
+**MinAgent impact:** none. **Pairs with hub v0.131.1** (reads `reboot_scanned`); an older hub ignores the field.
+
+A patch release in the same session as v0.141.0 — a deliberate exception to "one release per repo": v0.141.0's host
+"reboot needed" was wrong in two ways, and it feeds an operator alarm.
+- **The scan hid `lxc-start`.** The host scan skipped every process whose cgroup line contains `lxc`, to leave out the
+  guests' own processes. `lxc-start` lives in `0::/lxc.monitor/<vmid>`, so it was skipped too. Measured: after a
+  108-package host pass (libc6 included) `lxc-start` mapped 20 deleted files and the report said `reboot_needed:
+  false`. The pattern is now `:/lxc/` (`RESTART_SKIP_CGROUP`), pinned by a test that runs `grep` against the measured
+  cgroup lines.
+- **A reboot never cleared it.** v0.141.0 scanned only after an install (R-845). The host now scans on EVERY pass (it
+  is local, no `pct exec`); the guest still scans only after an install. The report carries `reboot_scanned`.
+- Red-proofs: `felhom.eu/documentation/audits/os-host-lane-2026-10-04/partB/live-defects-redproofs.txt`.
+
+## v0.141.0 — OS updates: the host fast lane (`11` §8 step 3); the tunnel status is true (R-841); the leg is fast (R-845)
+
+> **RELEASED 2026-10-04** by `scripts/release-agent.sh` — tag `v0.141.0` (`cfba0d0`), sha256
+> `6eaad9809613c4fca64aefc30cc16415528499bf48efe3a1daaa08af8a611aff`, verified by download. Not vouched at release time.
+
+**MinAgent impact:** none required by any controller. **Needs hub v0.131.0** (`host_release`, the tunnel's three
+states, layer-tagged OS reports). With an older hub the host step finds no host release (ring 1 → nothing) and the
+tunnel's `detail` is ignored. Reads the cloudflared health check controller v0.292.0 adds; with an older controller
+the tunnel is judged on the container state alone and `detail` says so.
+
+- **R-841 — the tunnel.** The agent used to run `systemctl is-active cloudflared` on the HOST — a unit that does not
+  exist (cloudflared is a container in the customer guest), so every box reported `inactive`. `GuestTunnelProber`
+  now reads the guest's `cloudflared` container through the EXISTING sudoers line (`pct exec N -- docker inspect -f
+  *`): state, exit code, and the Docker health status. Three states: `running` (healthy), `not_running` (stopped,
+  absent, or running but NOT connected), `unknown` (could not ask, or the check is still starting). `detail` says why.
+- **The host step** (`11` §8 step 3). After a healthy guest step, under the same heavy-op gate, the leg runs the same
+  wrapper with `layer: host`. Debian origin only; never kernel, boot or firmware packages (new refusal **R14**);
+  **only on an appliance** (**R12** lifted for the host fast lane: proof is the ROOT-owned install record
+  `/var/lib/felhom-install/state.json` `mode: appliance` — the agent-writable `agent.json` is not trusted for this).
+  A failed or unhealthy guest step skips it. **Host health rule:** the agent, pveproxy, pvedaemon, pvestatd and
+  pve-cluster are active; the customer guest runs; the guest health rule passes; the tunnel is `running` (an
+  `unknown` tunnel does not fail the rule; `not_running` does). Never reboots: "reboot needed" is reported when PID 1
+  or `lxc-start` runs a replaced library. No automatic undo — the by-hand runbook is `os-updates-host-undo.md`.
+- **R-845 — the leg is fast.** The wrapper asked about each package in its own `pct exec` (about 0.9 s each). It now
+  makes one call per layer for the version checks (`apt-cache madison` for all names at once, `dpkg --compare-versions`
+  on the host), scans for restart-needed only after an install, repairs only when `dpkg --audit` reports something,
+  and reports its own `pass_seconds`.
+- **Wrapper tests:** `configs/test_felhom_os_apply.py` 46 tests (host layer, R12, R14, lxc-start, the speed rules).
+  Red-proofs: `felhom.eu/documentation/audits/os-host-lane-2026-10-04/partA/`, `partB/`, `partC/agent-golden-redproof.txt`.
+- **Contract:** the desired-state golden gains `host_release` (byte-identical with the hub's); `TestOSUpdateGolden_Decodes`
+  checks it.
+
+## v0.140.0 — OS updates, guest fast lane (`11-os-updates.md` §8 step 2; `09` §3 decisions 76, 79, 80)
+
+> **RELEASED 2026-10-04** by `scripts/release-agent.sh` — tag `v0.140.0` (`9cac346`), sha256
+> `ae2d60b794869c51d6b063c8e31e2da98ecdbd36c6b75febd64e2fb4266c1250`, verified by download. Not vouched at release time.
+
+**MinAgent impact:** none required by any controller. **Needs hub v0.130.0** (`os-report`, the `os_update` block); an
+older hub serves no block and the leg then reports and installs nothing (ring 1, no release).
+
+- **`configs/felhom-os-apply`** — the root wrapper (Python 3, stdlib). One sudoers entry, `FELHOM_OSAPPLY`:
+  `felhom-os-apply --plan /var/lib/felhom-agent/os/plan-*.json`. Modes `inventory` / `apply` / `health`. Refuses (exit
+  2, nothing changed) on R1–R13: plan path/owner/JSON, a non-Debian origin, the slow lane, any removal, any downgrade,
+  a new or unlisted package, a version not downloadable even from the snapshot, low space, a lock (apt or a guest lock
+  such as a backup), a vmid that is not the box's own customer guest (it must bind `/mnt/felhom-drives`), malformed
+  names/versions, the host layer, dpkg still broken after the repair. Repairs first (`dpkg --configure -a`,
+  `apt-get -f install`). A version Debian already replaced comes from `snapshot.debian.org` at the approval time
+  (decision 79). Reports the full installed set with origins, pending, restart-needed (outside containers), health.
+  `configs/test_felhom_os_apply.py`: 35 tests; every refusal red-proved.
+- **`internal/osupdate`** — the leg: after a SUCCESSFUL primary whole-guest backup, still holding the heavy-op gate
+  (never beside another backup or a restore-test), once per night, 90 s after the backup. Ring 0 installs every pending
+  Debian / Debian-Security fix; ring 1 exactly the hub's newest approved release; switched OFF → reports only. The
+  health rule: docker answers, the network resolves, the controller is healthy, every container running at the START
+  of the leg runs (and is healthy if it was) — a 5-minute wait. **No automatic undo:** a customer guest cannot be
+  snapshotted (R-837). A failure is `health_failed` → the hub mails the operator.
+- **`--selftest=os-update -vmid N`** — the debug action (trigger `debug`, never throttled, not a night run).
+- **The `--selftest` flag also accepts `wgtunnel`** — it was dispatched but refused since S3 (found by the new
+  `TestSelftestFlag_AcceptsEveryDispatchedMode`, which also caught `os-update` live).
+- Proven live 2026-10-04 on both demo boxes (ring 0: 53 packages each; ring 1: exactly 3 approved versions; a failed
+  health check → `health_failed`, operator mailed): `felhom.eu/documentation/audits/os-guest-lane-2026-10-04/`.
+
+## v0.139.0 — a DR restore never lands beside a live original (2026-10-04, R-834)
+
+> **RELEASED 2026-10-04** by `scripts/release-agent.sh` — tag `v0.139.0` (`475bdce`), sha256
+> `8534a9be368a6d24d8065db77436e86900443c5c6554c71f6fe91c2bdb9d0b9c`, verified by download. **Not vouched.**
+
+**MinAgent impact:** none required by any controller.
+
+- The DR bring-up (`--selftest=bring-up -mode dr`) keeps the archive's `onboot: 1`, binds the host's REAL drives
+  (`mp8 /mnt/felhom-drives`) and STARTS the guest — right on a replaced host, wrong beside a live original (a second
+  controller for the same household on the same drives). It now REFUSES, before any restore, when the archive's
+  source guest still exists on the host, when any guest binds the drives parent, or when a guest's config cannot be
+  read (fail closed). On a replaced host it proceeds and keeps its binds, unchanged.
+- The restore-test was MEASURED safe live on demo-hp (onboot 0 and throwaway stand-ins for mp8/mp9 from the first
+  config read to teardown); a test now pins its "no host path" half beside the existing onboot test.
+- No sudoers change: the restore-test sets onboot 0 through the API create call, and DR refuses rather than degrade,
+  so no `-onboot 0` line is needed.
+- Tests: `TestRunBringUp_DRRefusesBesideALiveOriginal` (source guest present / drives bind on another guest / an
+  unreadable config refuse; a replaced host proceeds and keeps the drives bind), `TestRunBringUp_ProvisionNotBlockedByADrivesBind`,
+  `TestArchiveSourceVMID`, `TestRestoreTest_NoHostPathBindBesideTheOriginal`. Red-proofs: the DR check returning ""
+  → three refusal cases restore and START; the restore-test's mp8 override set to the host path → fails.
+
+## v0.138.0 — the restore test takes only THIS box's archives (2026-09-30, R-727, `09` §3 decision 51)
+
+> **RELEASED 2026-09-30** by `scripts/release-agent.sh` — tag `v0.138.0` (`e1b8269`), sha256
+> `55916026001790a79ebf97d32c032610cfde8e09d02979b9b9d8c2cbc5d88195`, verified by download. **Not vouched** (the golden
+> keeps 0.137.0 until the next bake); delivered to the demo boxes by signed `agent_update` jobs.
+>
+> **VOUCHED 2026-09-30** with golden 0.283.1 (`min_agent` 0.131.0), on the operator's word: the hub logged
+> `Artifact manifest set: agent=0.138.0 golden=0.283.1 min_agent="0.131.0"`. Evidence:
+> `felhom.eu/documentation/audits/evidence-golden-0283-2026-09-30/`.
+
+**MinAgent impact:** none required by any controller.
+
+- A returning customer's PBS namespace can hold archives of EARLIER boxes: same guest id (9201), same token, written
+  with a different key. Measured 2026-09-30: the newest SETTLED archive was an earlier box's, and the test failed
+  `wrong key … manifest's key 6b:ca:5f:3f… does not match provided key de:51:7a:18…` every evaluation. The archive
+  carries no host id; it carries its key fingerprint (PVE content `encrypted`), and the storage carries its own
+  (`GET /storage` → `encryption-key`). `PickSettledRestoreCandidateOn` now skips — and logs by name, once — an archive
+  whose fingerprint is not the storage's own; an unencrypted storage is not filtered; a failed storage read is an
+  error (tier UNKNOWN), never "nothing to prove".
+- Tests: `TestR727_TheRestoreTestTakesOnlyThisBoxsArchives` (the 2026-09-30 shape: nothing picked while this box's
+  archive settles, then exactly it), `TestR727_UnencryptedStorageIsNotFiltered`, `TestR727_KeyLookupFailureIsUnknown`.
+  Red-proof RP39: the skip removed → the earlier box's `2026-09-16T21:59:54Z` is picked.
+
+## v0.137.0 — a guest outside the agent's ACL is not a known guest (2026-09-27, R-689, v0.136.0 regression)
+
+> **RELEASED 2026-09-27** by `scripts/release-agent.sh` — tag `v0.137.0` (`3ef095f`), sha256 `766c9166916a1bd3674b0dc69081f8a7619e770f1402d8ad7705b395937e7627`, verified by download. **NOT vouched** (the operator's act).
+>
+> **VOUCHED 2026-09-28** with golden 0.276.0 (`min_agent` 0.131.0), on the operator's word of 2026-09-27: the hub logged
+> `Artifact manifest set: agent=0.137.0 golden=0.276.0 min_agent="0.131.0"`, and a Day-0 test install fetched this binary
+> through the manifest and sha-verified it. Evidence: `felhom.eu/documentation/audits/evidence-golden-0276-2026-09-28/`.
+
+**MinAgent impact:** none required by any controller.
+
+- v0.136.0 asked `GuestConfig` whether an archive's guest exists and treated anything but "does not exist" as a lookup
+  failure. PVE answers **403 "permission denied at /vms/<id>"** for a vmid outside the token's pool — so on demo-hp the
+  deleted guest 9100's archive made the local tier UNKNOWN every evaluation. A guest the agent cannot read is not one it
+  manages; its archive is skipped. `TestR689_AGuestOutsideTheAgentsACLIsNotAKnownGuest`, red-proofed. Verified read-only
+  on demo-hp with the pre-release binary before the release.
+
+## v0.136.0 — … of a guest that still EXISTS (2026-09-27, R-689 second half)
+
+> **RELEASED 2026-09-27** by `scripts/release-agent.sh` — tag `v0.136.0` (`16dbc83`), sha256 `2eb0b5ebe253defd68b322312bbac12418c051b0a7a0d2d1831310d97fa6d755`, verified by download. **NOT vouched** (the operator's act).
+
+**MinAgent impact:** none required by any controller.
+
+- **R-689, second half.** Read on demo-hp right after v0.135.0 with the read-only `-selftest=restore-test-due`: the
+  golden was skipped, and the pick fell to `vzdump-lxc-9100-2026_08_21…` — a leftover of a guest deleted in August. A
+  candidate's guest must now exist on this node (`GuestConfig`): "does not exist" skips the archive (INFO once per
+  volid); any other lookup failure is returned, so the tier reads UNKNOWN, never "nothing to prove". Tests
+  `TestR689_AnArchiveOfADeletedGuestIsNeverPicked` (red-proofed: without the check it picks the 9100 leftover),
+  `TestR689_AGuestLookupFailureIsUnknownNotEmpty`. A second agent release in one session — the first half was found
+  incomplete on the box.
+
+## v0.135.0 — the restore test proves only backups OF A GUEST (2026-09-27, R-689)
+
+> **RELEASED 2026-09-27** by `scripts/release-agent.sh` — tag `v0.135.0` (`d4be12c`), sha256 `ad4e75f16d338552f4588d3fe64c51cbf9651220b9d223b5386b85b6c37fd4c3`, verified by download. **NOT vouched** (the operator's act).
+
+**MinAgent impact:** none required by any controller.
+
+- **R-689** (`backup/runner.go` `guestBackupArchive`). demo-hp keeps its golden template in `local:backup/` — content
+  "backup", 654 MB, plausibly complete, the newest settled entry — and the scheduled restore test picked it every 6 h and
+  failed `extractconfig` with a 403, while the guest's real archive went untested. A restore-test candidate is now a
+  `vzdump-{lxc,qemu}-<vmid>-…` file or a PBS `backup/{ct,vm}/<vmid>/…` snapshot whose vmid the storage reports; anything
+  else is skipped with one INFO line per volid (not the "INCOMPLETE archive" WARN). Tests
+  `TestR689_TheRestoreTestNeverPicksTheGolden` (red-proof: without the check it picks the golden) and
+  `TestR689_GuestBackupArchiveShapes`; two older picker tests' fixtures moved to real archive names.
+  Evidence: `felhom.eu/documentation/audits/version-travel-2026-09-26/D1/`.
+
+## v0.134.0 — a whole-box backup that cannot fit is skipped with a reason, before anything starts (2026-09-25 night, R-685)
+
+> **RELEASED 2026-09-24 night** by `scripts/release-agent.sh` — tag `v0.134.0` (`0722b2c`), sha256 `7593bebe03234c7d22f3ade384e7ed7787dc659aa8c8594b3ee19af2ce81c72d`, verified by download. **NOT vouched** (Day-0 stays on the previous version).
+
+**MinAgent impact:** none required by any controller.
+
+- **R-685 — the backup space preflight** (`backup/runner.go` `spaceFits`). Before a vzdump to a LOCAL (non-PBS)
+  target, the newest archive of that guest on that target × 1.25 + 1 GiB must be free — PVE prunes old archives
+  only AFTER a successful backup, so the kept ones still stand during the run. A shortfall is a skip: nothing
+  starts, the record's Error reads `skipped: not enough space: <target> has X GiB free; the last archive of guest N
+  was Y GiB, so a new one needs about Z GiB …` (stable prefix `BackupSkipNoSpacePrefix`), and it reaches the
+  controller's tier view and, through the quiesce loop's tier notifier, the operator's `whole_guest_backup_failed`.
+  It FAILS OPEN on what is not known (PBS target, first backup, unreadable usage).
+- **Free space is read from `GET /nodes/<node>/storage`** (`NodeStorage`), never `GET /storage` — the latter is the
+  cluster DEFINITIONS and carries no usage. **Found live, before release:** the first build read `/storage`,
+  failed open, and a real vzdump of demo-hp 9201 started from the live test; it was aborted after 5 min 16 s, no
+  archive left (`felhom.eu/documentation/audits/night-2026-09-25/F/`). The test fake's `ListStorage` now strips
+  usage like production. Red-proofs: two (`…/F/redproof-r685-*.txt`).
+- Live proof (demo-hp, safe builds with a hard stop before vzdump): ×10 margin → refused, "local has 14.9 GiB
+  free … needs about 77.2 GiB"; release margin → "space preflight passed" need 11.3 GB, avail 16.0 GB.
+
 ## v0.133.0 — a restore-test can never fill a box's disk; leftovers retried on a timer (2026-09-24, R-672, R-673)
 
 > **RELEASED 2026-09-24** by `scripts/release-agent.sh` — tag `v0.133.0` (`9bdb4da`), sha256 `3aa303452b8c6be58573d00af01a0ab4a0d97e4f885ffecd0144a18ac24e69b6`, verified by an independent anonymous download. **NOT delivered** (needs an operator-signed `agent_update` job per box, R-530) and **NOT vouched**.

CONTEXT.md

@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 # CONTEXT — felhom-agent working state
 
 
+> **2026-09-25 night — v0.133.0 AND v0.134.0 DELIVERED to both demo boxes (CC-signed `agent_update`, ruling 1);
+> restore test back ON (the `-1` config kept as `agent.json.night-0925-off`). v0.134.0 = R-685:** `backup/runner.go`
+> `spaceFits` — a vzdump to a LOCAL target needs free ≥ newest archive of that guest × 1.25 + 1 GiB (PVE prunes
+> only after success); a shortfall is a named skip (`BackupSkipNoSpacePrefix`), fail-open on PBS / first backup /
+> unknown usage. **Free space comes from `NodeStorage` (`GET /nodes/<n>/storage`) — `ListStorage` (`GET /storage`)
+> has NO usage**; the first build read it and a real vzdump started in its own live test (aborted, no archive).
+> demo-hp: `local_backup_retention` 1 (operator option A, saved `agent.json.pre-a4-retention`). Peti's box: nothing.
+
 > **2026-09-24 — v0.133.0 RELEASED, NOT DELIVERED (R-672, R-673).** Restore-test space preflight
 > (`reconcile/restoretest_space.go`, `internal/restorespace`): uncompressed size from the vzdump log / PBS size,
 > × 1.2 + 5 GiB, thin metadata, off the tested guest's pool, unknown refuses, reported as `skipped` non-pass.

REPORT.md

@@ -1,29 +1,11 @@
-# REPORT — agent v0.133.0: a restore-test can never fill a box's disk (2026-09-24, R-672, R-673)
+# REPORT — 2026-10-04: v0.141.0 + v0.141.1, the host fast lane, the true tunnel status, the fast leg
 
-Full record: `felhom.eu/documentation/audits/r672-2026-09-24/README.md`.
+Full session report: `felhom.eu/REPORT-os-host-lane-2026-10-04.md`.
 
-## Shipped (released, not delivered)
-Tag `v0.133.0` (`9bdb4da`), package sha256 `3aa30345…e69b6`, verified by anonymous download. Delivery needs the
-operator's signed `agent_update` job per box.
-
-- **Space preflight** before anything is created: free ≥ restored × 1.2 + 5 GiB, `restored` UNCOMPRESSED (vzdump
-  log "Total bytes written" / PBS snapshot size), thin metadata with room, off the tested guest's pool when
-  another eligible storage fits, unknown refuses, reported as a non-pass (`skipped`).
-- **Scratch teardown retried every 10 min**; operator told once after 3 failed tries.
-- **Thin pool ≥ 90 %** → immediate host report (hub v0.124.0 alarms `storage_fill_critical`, per pool per 6 h).
-- **R-673:** the stale-lock sweep on the same timer, under the one-heavy-op gate.
-
-## Red-proofs (each seen failing; files in `felhom.eu/documentation/audits/r672-2026-09-24/redproofs/`)
-1. preflight removed → the 2026-09-24 restore issued again; 2. archive FILE size used → "the compressed file size
-was used"; 3. timer pass a no-op → "the leaked scratch was not destroyed by the timer"; 4. sweep without the gate →
-"the sweep ran while a backup held the gate"; 5. no 90 % edge → "0 report requests, want 1"; 6. every skip dropped →
-"a space refusal never reached the host report". Full suite `go test ./...` green; `agent_gates.py` OK.
-
-## Live (demo-hp, the on-demand `--selftest=restore-test`, cadence OFF)
-(a) factor 10 → refused: needs 215.5 GiB, has 22.1 GiB. (b) normal margin → refused: restoring 21.1 GiB needs 30.3 GiB,
-has 22.1 GiB — correct: no full restore-test fits demo-hp under 80 % pool use. (c) a forced teardown failure could not
-run live (it needs a scratch guest, which (b) shows cannot be created within the 80 % rule) — unit tests only. Pool
-58.99 % before and after every run; nothing created.
-
-## Observations
-1. demo-hp has no second eligible storage for a restore-test: `nvme-scratch` takes `rootdir`, but the agent holds no grant there. FILED: R-672
+- Tunnel (R-841): the agent reads the guest's cloudflared container and its health check; three states.
+- Host fast lane: the wrapper gains the host layer (R12 appliance proof from the root-owned install record, R14 no
+  kernel/boot/firmware); the leg runs the host step after a healthy guest step; host health rule.
+- Speed (R-845): one call per layer instead of one per package; measured before/after in the session report.
+- Tests green; red-proofs in the audit folder.
+- v0.141.1 (same day): the host "reboot needed" scan hid `lxc-start` and was never cleared by a reboot — both fixed,
+  found live on demo-felhom, red-proved.

cmd/felhom-agent/main.go

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ import (
 	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/localapi"
 	applog "gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/log"
 	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/mgmtplane"
+	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/osupdate"
 	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/pbs"
 	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/pbsdr"
 	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/poke"
@@ -242,6 +243,12 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(runSelftestRestoreTest(context.Background(), cfg, logger, archive))
 	case "restore-test-due":
 		os.Exit(runSelftestRestoreTestDue(context.Background(), cfg, logger))
+	case "os-update":
+		os.Exit(runSelftestOSUpdate(context.Background(), cfg, logger, vmid))
+	case "os-facts":
+		os.Exit(runSelftestFacts(context.Background(), cfg, logger, vmid))
+	case "live-restore":
+		os.Exit(runSelftestLiveRestore(context.Background(), cfg, logger, vmid))
 	case "pbs-verify":
 		os.Exit(runSelftestPBSVerify(context.Background(), cfg, logger))
 	case "lanresolver":
@@ -782,7 +789,7 @@ func runDaemon(cfg config.Config, logger *slog.Logger, logRing *applog.Ring) int
 	pbsStore := pbs.NewSnapshotStore()
 	pbsTargets := pbsTargetsFromPVE(cfg, px, logger)
 	pbsReporter := pbs.NewLiveSnapshotReporter(pbsTargets, pbsStore, pbs.DefaultLiveSnapshotTimeout, logger)
-	collector := hub.NewCollector(px, hub.SystemctlProber{}, observer, backupStore, backupStore, pbsReporter, cfg.Hub.HostID, version, logger)
+	collector := hub.NewCollector(px, newTunnelProber(cfg, px), observer, backupStore, backupStore, pbsReporter, cfg.Hub.HostID, version, logger)
 	collector.SetBackupTargetResolver(primaryBackupTargetOf(cfg)) // R-109: the recipe names the live target
 	// Privileged-capability self-check (v0.44.0): probe the sudoers grants the non-root agent
 	// depends on. The probe runs `sudo -n -l` LITERALLY (a policy LIST, never executing the
@@ -839,6 +846,11 @@ func runDaemon(cfg config.Config, logger *slog.Logger, logRing *applog.Ring) int
 	// The "Down" channel sync hook: on each heartbeat, fetch desired-state when the generation
 	// advances. The loop calls it via the EnvelopeObserver seam (hub does not import desired).
 	desiredSyncer := desired.NewSyncer(client, desiredProvider, logger)
+	// OS updates, guest fast lane (agent v0.140.0, `11-os-updates.md` §8 step 2): the leg consumes the hub's
+	// os_update block and runs after each successful primary whole-guest backup (wired on the local API below).
+	osLeg := newOSLeg(cfg, client, px, logger)
+	collector.SetSystemReporter(&factsReporter{leg: osLeg, guest: firstGuest(px)}) // R-852: the versions
+	desiredSyncer.AddConsumer(osLeg)
 	// S5: consume a host_loss restore_directive into an inspectable restore PLAN (derive + surface,
 	// execute nothing). The recipe is fetched on-demand (rare directive) via a fresh Collect.
 	desiredSyncer.AddConsumer(dr.NewConsumer(func(ctx context.Context) *hub.DRRecipeHostHalf {
@@ -1080,7 +1092,16 @@ func runDaemon(cfg config.Config, logger *slog.Logger, logRing *applog.Ring) int
 	// recurring clobber before it locks the box out. Port 22 for G1 (H1 passes the felhom-sshd port).
 	collector.SetMgmtPlaneReporter(mgmtplane.NewReporter(mgmtplane.DefaultPrivsepDir, mgmtplane.DefaultHealMarker, mgmtplane.DefaultSshdPort))
 
-	jobsRunner := signedjobs.NewRunner(client, gate, signedjobs.ExecutorChain{wipeExec, decommExec, updateExec}, cfg.Hub.HostID, logger)
+	// Agent v0.142.0: a signed Docker engine step (`11` §5.8) — ring 1 and every undo; under the heavy-op gate.
+	dockerExec := osupdate.DockerStepExecutor{Leg: osLeg, Guest: firstGuest(px),
+		Gate: func(ctx context.Context) (func(), error) {
+			release, busy, ok := heavyOps.TryAcquire("os-docker-step")
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("busy: %s", busy)
+			}
+			return release, nil
+		}}
+	jobsRunner := signedjobs.NewRunner(client, gate, signedjobs.ExecutorChain{wipeExec, decommExec, updateExec, dockerExec}, cfg.Hub.HostID, logger)
 	loop.SetEnvelopeObserver(hub.MultiObserver(desiredSyncer, jobsRunner))
 
 	// Controller-driven escrow ceremony (v0.88.0): static config facts + the LATE-BOUND DR gate —
@@ -1112,6 +1133,17 @@ func runDaemon(cfg config.Config, logger *slog.Logger, logRing *applog.Ring) int
 		},
 	}
 	localSrv := buildLocalAPIServer(cfg, px, backupStore, heavyOps, observer, driveKnown, hostOps, gate, collector, client, intentRec, guestBindStore, formatJobStore, logRing, escrowCeremonyCfg, logger, &localTokens)
+	if localSrv != nil {
+		localSrv.SetAfterPrimaryBackup(func(ctx context.Context, vmid int) {
+			// Let the controller finish bringing its apps back after the backup, then run (still under the gate).
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-time.After(90 * time.Second):
+			}
+			_ = osLeg.Run(ctx, vmid, "night")
+		})
+	}
 	if localTokens != nil {
 		defer localTokens.Close()
 	}
@@ -1851,7 +1883,7 @@ func buildLocalAPIServer(cfg config.Config, px *proxmox.Client, store *backup.St
 		ConfigPath:     cfg.SourcePath,
 		StateDir:       cfg.WGTunnel.WithDefaults().StateDir,
 		SmbCredsDir:    cfg.Privileged.SmbCredsDir,
-		ControllerSwap: guestBinder, // Phase 1: agentic controller update — in-guest image swap
+		ControllerSwap: guestBinder,                    // Phase 1: agentic controller update — in-guest image swap
 		GuestsStateDir: "/var/lib/felhom-agent/guests", // R-523: <vmid>/bootstrap + controller-parked marker
 		// F2-b: recover a guest left with a stale vzdump lock by a reboot-during-backup. Reads + start
 		// go through the API client; the `pct unlock` is the one fenced root-CLI op (no API equivalent).
@@ -2008,7 +2040,7 @@ func runSelftestHub(ctx context.Context, cfg config.Config, logger *slog.Logger)
 	// pbs coord. The live reporter lists snapshots directly (fresh store, last-known-good fallback) so
 	// the selftest reflects exactly what a freshly-restarted daemon's first collect emits.
 	pbsReporter := pbs.NewLiveSnapshotReporter(pbsTargetsFromPVE(cfg, px, logger), pbs.NewSnapshotStore(), pbs.DefaultLiveSnapshotTimeout, logger)
-	collector := hub.NewCollector(px, hub.SystemctlProber{}, observer, nil, nil, pbsReporter, cfg.Hub.HostID, version, logger)
+	collector := hub.NewCollector(px, newTunnelProber(cfg, px), observer, nil, nil, pbsReporter, cfg.Hub.HostID, version, logger)
 	// R-109: wire the backup-target resolver here TOO. Without it selftest=hub would print a recipe whose
 	// backup_target reads unknown/agent_backup_config_unavailable while the daemon's is resolved — and
 	// this one-shot exists precisely so "the report it would send" can be trusted to match.
@@ -3478,8 +3510,219 @@ func (f *selftestFlag) Set(v string) error {
 		f.mode = "identity-consume"
 	case "controller-swap":
 		f.mode = "controller-swap"
+	case "os-update":
+		f.mode = "os-update"
+	case "os-facts", "live-restore": // agent v0.142.0
+		f.mode = v
+	case "wgtunnel": // dispatched since S3 but refused here until 2026-10-04 (TestSelftestFlag_AcceptsEveryDispatchedMode)
+		f.mode = "wgtunnel"
 	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid --selftest value %q (want read|task|hub|storage|backup|restore-test|restore-test-due|pbs-verify|bring-up|provision|escrow-create|escrow-consume|identity-consume|controller-swap)", v)
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid --selftest value %q (want read|task|hub|storage|backup|restore-test|restore-test-due|pbs-verify|lanresolver|wgtunnel|bring-up|provision|escrow-create|escrow-consume|identity-consume|controller-swap|os-update|os-facts|live-restore)", v)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// newOSLeg builds the OS-update leg (agent v0.140.0). The wrapper runs through sudo (FELHOM_OSAPPLY); the plan and
+// the once-per-night marker live in the agent's own os/ dir.
+func newOSLeg(cfg config.Config, client *hub.Client, px *proxmox.Client, logger *slog.Logger) *osupdate.Leg {
+	mode := proxmox.RunnerMode(cfg.Privileged.Mode)
+	if mode == "" {
+		mode = proxmox.RunnerSudo
+	}
+	l := &osupdate.Leg{
+		Runner:    &proxmox.ExecRunner{Mode: mode, SudoPath: cfg.Privileged.SudoPath},
+		Logger:    logger,
+		PlanDir:   osupdate.DefaultPlanDir,
+		StatePath: filepath.Join(osupdate.DefaultPlanDir, "last-night-run"),
+		// The host step (agent v0.141.0) runs only on an appliance install; the wrapper re-checks the ROOT-owned record.
+		Appliance: cfg.IsAppliance(),
+		Tunnel:    newTunnelProber(cfg, px),
+	}
+	if client != nil {
+		l.Hub = client
+	}
+	return l
+}
+
+// runSelftestOSUpdate is the OS leg's DEBUG ACTION (agent v0.140.0): one pass for -vmid, now, exactly as the night
+// runs it after a backup — the hub's os_update block (fetched fresh), the wrapper via sudo, the health wait, the
+// report to the hub — with trigger "debug" (never throttled, and it does NOT count as a night run for approval).
+// Run it as the agent user:  sudo -u felhom-agent felhom-agent --config … --selftest=os-update -vmid 9201
+func runSelftestOSUpdate(ctx context.Context, cfg config.Config, logger *slog.Logger, vmid int) int {
+	if vmid <= 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "selftest=os-update: -vmid is required")
+		return 2
+	}
+	client, err := hub.NewClient(cfg.Hub, logger)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "selftest=os-update: hub client:", err)
+		return 1
+	}
+	px, perr := newProxmoxClient(cfg)
+	if perr != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "selftest=os-update: proxmox client:", perr)
+		return 1
+	}
+	leg := newOSLeg(cfg, client, px, logger)
+	resp, err := client.FetchDesiredState(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "selftest=os-update: desired state:", err)
+		return 1
+	}
+	leg.SetBlock(resp.DesiredState.OSUpdate)
+	b := leg.Block()
+	fmt.Printf("=== felhom-agent %s selftest=os-update vmid=%d ring=%d enabled=%v guest-release=%v host-release=%v appliance=%v ===\n",
+		version, vmid, b.Ring, b.Enabled, b.Release != nil, b.HostRelease != nil, leg.Appliance)
+	start := time.Now()
+	pass := leg.Run(ctx, vmid, "debug")
+	worst := pass.Guest
+	for i, rep := range []osupdate.Report{pass.Guest, pass.Host, pass.Docker} {
+		if rep.Layer == "" {
+			fmt.Printf("  %s step: skipped (see the log line above)\n", []string{"guest", "host", "docker"}[i])
+			continue
+		}
+		printJSON("os-update report ("+rep.Layer+")", map[string]any{"run_id": rep.RunID, "ring": rep.Ring, "release_id": rep.ReleaseID,
+			"mode": rep.Mode, "outcome": rep.Outcome, "healthy": rep.Healthy, "health_reason": rep.HealthReason,
+			"upgraded": rep.Upgraded, "pending": len(rep.Pending), "not_covered": rep.NotCovered,
+			"restart_needed": rep.RestartNeeded, "reboot_needed": rep.RebootNeeded, "wrapper_seconds": rep.PassSeconds,
+			"refused": rep.Refused, "docker_engine": rep.DockerEngine, "authority": rep.Authority})
+		if !(rep.Outcome == "applied" || rep.Outcome == "nothing" || rep.Outcome == "inventory" || rep.Outcome == "skipped") {
+			worst = rep
+		}
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("  pass took %s\n", time.Since(start).Round(100*time.Millisecond))
+	switch worst.Outcome {
+	case "applied", "nothing", "inventory", "skipped":
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 1
+}
+
+// runSelftestFacts prints the versions the host report carries (R-852, agent v0.142.0) — read-only.
+//
+//	sudo -u felhom-agent felhom-agent --config … --selftest=os-facts -vmid 9201
+func runSelftestFacts(ctx context.Context, cfg config.Config, logger *slog.Logger, vmid int) int {
+	if vmid <= 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "selftest=os-facts: -vmid is required")
+		return 2
+	}
+	px, _ := newProxmoxClient(cfg)
+	leg := newOSLeg(cfg, nil, px, logger)
+	start := time.Now()
+	f, err := leg.Facts(ctx, vmid)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "selftest=os-facts:", err)
+		return 1
+	}
+	var v any
+	_ = json.Unmarshal(f, &v)
+	printJSON(fmt.Sprintf("facts (vmid %d, %s)", vmid, time.Since(start).Round(100*time.Millisecond)), v)
+	return 0
+}
+
+// runSelftestLiveRestore is the ONE-TIME live-restore step (`09` decision 87) as a debug action — the night leg does
+// the same before a ring-0 Docker step. It prints the container ids before and after (they must not change).
+//
+//	sudo -u felhom-agent felhom-agent --config … --selftest=live-restore -vmid 9202
+func runSelftestLiveRestore(ctx context.Context, cfg config.Config, logger *slog.Logger, vmid int) int {
+	if vmid <= 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "selftest=live-restore: -vmid is required")
+		return 2
+	}
+	px, _ := newProxmoxClient(cfg)
+	leg := newOSLeg(cfg, nil, px, logger)
+	if err := leg.EnsureLiveRestore(ctx, time.Now().UTC().Format("20060102T150405Z"), vmid); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "selftest=live-restore:", err)
+		return 1
+	}
+	fmt.Println("live-restore: on (see the wrapper's LIVE-RESTORE line above for the container ids)")
+	return 0
+}
+
+// newTunnelProber reads the box's REAL tunnel (R-841, agent v0.141.0): the cloudflared container in each running
+// customer guest — a guest that binds /mnt/felhom-drives, the same rule the OS wrapper's R10 uses — through the
+// existing `pct exec [0-9]* -- docker inspect -f *` sudoers line.
+func newTunnelProber(cfg config.Config, px *proxmox.Client) hub.CloudflaredProber {
+	mode := proxmox.RunnerMode(cfg.Privileged.Mode)
+	if mode == "" {
+		mode = proxmox.RunnerSudo
+	}
+	return hub.GuestTunnelProber{
+		Runner: &proxmox.ExecRunner{Mode: mode, SudoPath: cfg.Privileged.SudoPath},
+		Guests: customerGuests(px),
+	}
+}
+
+// customerGuests lists the running guests that bind /mnt/felhom-drives — the box's customer guest(s), the same rule the
+// OS wrapper's R10 uses. Shared by the tunnel probe, the facts read and the signed Docker step.
+func customerGuests(px *proxmox.Client) func(ctx context.Context) ([]int, error) {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) ([]int, error) {
+		if px == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("no proxmox client")
+		}
+		gs, err := px.ListLXC(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		var out []int
+		for _, g := range gs {
+			if g.Status != "running" {
+				continue
+			}
+			gc, err := px.GuestConfig(ctx, g.VMID)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, v := range gc.MountPoints() {
+				if src, _, _ := strings.Cut(v, ","); src == "/mnt/felhom-drives" {
+					out = append(out, g.VMID)
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return out, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// firstGuest is the single customer guest (an error when there is none).
+func firstGuest(px *proxmox.Client) func(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+	f := customerGuests(px)
+	return func(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+		v, err := f(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		if len(v) == 0 {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("no running customer guest")
+		}
+		return v[0], nil
+	}
+}
+
+// factsReporter feeds the host report's `system` stanza (R-852, agent v0.142.0) from the wrapper's read-only facts
+// mode, at most every 10 minutes (each read is ~2 s of pct exec; the host reports every 15 min).
+type factsReporter struct {
+	leg   *osupdate.Leg
+	guest func(ctx context.Context) (int, error)
+	mu    sync.Mutex
+	at    time.Time
+	vmid  int
+	facts json.RawMessage
+	err   error
+}
+
+func (f *factsReporter) SystemFacts(ctx context.Context) (int, json.RawMessage, error) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	if !f.at.IsZero() && time.Since(f.at) < 10*time.Minute {
+		return f.vmid, f.facts, f.err
+	}
+	f.at = time.Now()
+	f.vmid, f.err = f.guest(ctx)
+	if f.err != nil {
+		f.facts = nil
+		return 0, nil, f.err
+	}
+	f.facts, f.err = f.leg.Facts(ctx, f.vmid)
+	return f.vmid, f.facts, f.err
+}

cmd/felhom-agent/selftest_flag_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// Every mode the dispatcher (`switch selftest.mode`) runs must be ACCEPTED by the --selftest flag. Found live
+// 2026-10-04: --selftest=os-update had a dispatch case and a function but the flag's allow-list refused it, so the
+// debug action could not run. Red-proof: drop the "os-update" case from selftestFlag.Set and this fails.
+func TestSelftestFlag_AcceptsEveryDispatchedMode(t *testing.T) {
+	src, err := os.ReadFile("main.go")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	s := string(src)
+	i := strings.Index(s, "switch selftest.mode {")
+	if i < 0 {
+		t.Fatal("dispatch switch not found")
+	}
+	block := s[i:]
+	block = block[:strings.Index(block, "\n\t}\n")]
+	modes := regexp.MustCompile(`(?m)^\tcase "([a-z-]+)":`).FindAllStringSubmatch(block, -1)
+	if len(modes) < 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("parsed only %d dispatch cases — the parser is wrong", len(modes))
+	}
+	var bad []string
+	for _, m := range modes {
+		var f selftestFlag
+		if err := f.Set(m[1]); err != nil {
+			bad = append(bad, m[1])
+		}
+	}
+	if len(bad) > 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("dispatched but refused by --selftest: %v", bad)
+	}
+}

configs/crash-guard.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# /etc/felhom/crash-guard.conf — read by /usr/local/sbin/felhom-crash-guard (`11` §5.9).
+# The LIMIT-th unclean stop within WINDOW_MINUTES leaves the box off. Decided by CC unattended — operator may reverse.
+LIMIT=3
+WINDOW_MINUTES=60
+# kernel.panic while armed: seconds after a crash before the kernel restarts the box.
+PANIC_SECONDS=10
+# A tripped guard re-arms after this many hours of normal running (or `felhom-crash-guard rearm`).
+REARM_HOURS=24

configs/felhom-agent.sudoers

@@ -299,10 +299,17 @@ Cmnd_Alias FELHOM_SELFHEAL = \
 # argument after the numeric vmid is a literal, so the grant cannot be widened by anything the guest or
 # the hub says. The address read is deliberately NOT duplicated here — it is already FELHOM_DNSMASQ's,
 # and the same command must not be granted twice under two names.
+# OS updates, guest fast lane (`11-os-updates.md` §5.4.1, agent v0.140.0). The ONLY entry: the root wrapper with
+# one plan file in the agent's own os/ dir. Every safety rule (no removal, no downgrade, no new or unlisted package,
+# Debian origin only, the box's own customer guest only) lives in the wrapper, red-proved per rule
+# (configs/test_felhom_os_apply.py). The agent gets NO apt grant of its own.
+Cmnd_Alias FELHOM_OSAPPLY = \
+  /usr/local/sbin/felhom-os-apply --plan /var/lib/felhom-agent/os/plan-*.json
+
 Cmnd_Alias FELHOM_GUESTNET = \
   /usr/sbin/pct exec [0-9]* -- ip route show default, \
   /usr/sbin/pct exec [0-9]* -- cat /etc/network/interfaces, \
   /usr/sbin/pct exec [0-9]* -- pgrep -x dhclient, \
   /usr/sbin/pct exec [0-9]* -- dhclient -pf /run/dhclient.eth0.pid -lf /var/lib/dhcp/dhclient.eth0.leases eth0
 
-felhom-agent ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: FELHOM_MOUNT, FELHOM_DISK, FELHOM_PROVISION, FELHOM_FORMAT, FELHOM_DNSMASQ, FELHOM_GUESTHOOK, FELHOM_INTERMEDIARY, FELHOM_CONTROLLERSWAP, FELHOM_STALELOCK, FELHOM_NETMOUNT, FELHOM_WG, FELHOM_SELFUPDATE, FELHOM_SSHD, FELHOM_OOB, FELHOM_PBSDR, FELHOM_BACKUPTARGET, FELHOM_SELFHEAL, FELHOM_ESCROW, FELHOM_GUESTNET, FELHOM_SCRATCH_TEARDOWN
+felhom-agent ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: FELHOM_MOUNT, FELHOM_DISK, FELHOM_PROVISION, FELHOM_FORMAT, FELHOM_DNSMASQ, FELHOM_GUESTHOOK, FELHOM_INTERMEDIARY, FELHOM_CONTROLLERSWAP, FELHOM_STALELOCK, FELHOM_NETMOUNT, FELHOM_WG, FELHOM_SELFUPDATE, FELHOM_SSHD, FELHOM_OOB, FELHOM_PBSDR, FELHOM_BACKUPTARGET, FELHOM_SELFHEAL, FELHOM_ESCROW, FELHOM_GUESTNET, FELHOM_SCRATCH_TEARDOWN, FELHOM_OSAPPLY

configs/felhom-crash-guard

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python3
+# felhom-crash-guard — a crashed host restarts by itself, but not forever (`09` decision 88, R-851, `11` §5.9).
+#
+# Install as /usr/local/sbin/felhom-crash-guard (0755 root:root), with felhom-crash-guard.service (boot / clean-stop)
+# and felhom-crash-guard-check.timer (hourly re-arm check). Python 3, standard library only.
+# Tests: configs/test_felhom_crash_guard.py (temp dirs; nothing real is touched).
+#
+# WHAT IT DOES
+#   boot        early at every boot. Was the previous boot ended CLEANLY? (the clean-stop marker exists). If not, this
+#               boot follows an UNCLEAN stop — a kernel crash, a power cut or a hard reset (they cannot be told apart
+#               on these boxes: measured 2026-10-04 on demo-hp, efi_pstore is on yet saved NOTHING for a real panic;
+#               the journal and `last` show only "no shutdown"). It records the unclean boot, counts those in the last
+#               WINDOW_MINUTES, and sets kernel.panic:
+#                 - fewer than LIMIT-1 recent unclean boots → kernel.panic = PANIC_SECONDS (a crash restarts the box);
+#                 - LIMIT-1 or more → the guard TRIPS: kernel.panic = 0, so the LIMIT-th crash within the window
+#                   leaves the box OFF (operator's own words: "if it crashes 3 times within one hour, it stays off").
+#               A tripped guard stays tripped across further boots until it re-arms.
+#   clean-stop  ExecStop of the service: writes the clean-stop marker during an orderly shutdown or reboot.
+#   check       hourly: a tripped guard re-arms after REARM_HOURS of normal running (since the trip AND since boot).
+#   rearm       the operator re-arms by hand (`felhom-crash-guard rearm`).
+#   status      prints the state.
+# The state is /var/lib/felhom-crash-guard/state.json (0644: the non-root agent reads it into its host report).
+# Before the service runs (very early boot) the kernel default kernel.panic = 0 applies, so a crash THAT early leaves
+# the box off — the safe side: a box that cannot reach userspace must not loop.
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+
+CONF = "/etc/felhom/crash-guard.conf"
+STATE_DIR = "/var/lib/felhom-crash-guard"
+DEFAULTS = {"LIMIT": 3, "WINDOW_MINUTES": 60, "PANIC_SECONDS": 10, "REARM_HOURS": 24}
+
+
+class Env:
+    """Paths and clock; tests replace them."""
+
+    def __init__(self, conf=CONF, state_dir=STATE_DIR, panic_path="/proc/sys/kernel/panic",
+                 uptime_path="/proc/uptime", boot_id_path="/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id"):
+        self.conf, self.state_dir = conf, state_dir
+        self.panic_path, self.uptime_path, self.boot_id_path = panic_path, uptime_path, boot_id_path
+
+    def now(self):
+        return time.time()
+
+    def log(self, line):
+        print(line, file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
+        try:
+            import subprocess
+            subprocess.run(["logger", "-t", "felhom-crash-guard", line], timeout=10)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+
+def iso(t):
+    return time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ", time.gmtime(t))
+
+
+def parse_iso(s):
+    import calendar
+    return calendar.timegm(time.strptime(s, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"))
+
+
+def load_conf(env):
+    c = dict(DEFAULTS)
+    try:
+        for line in open(env.conf):
+            line = line.strip()
+            if not line or line.startswith("#") or "=" not in line:
+                continue
+            k, v = (x.strip() for x in line.split("=", 1))
+            if k in c and v.isdigit() and int(v) >= (1 if k != "PANIC_SECONDS" else 1):
+                c[k] = int(v)
+    except OSError:
+        pass
+    return c
+
+
+def state_path(env):
+    return os.path.join(env.state_dir, "state.json")
+
+
+def marker_path(env):
+    return os.path.join(env.state_dir, "clean-stop")
+
+
+def load_state(env):
+    try:
+        with open(state_path(env)) as f:
+            s = json.load(f)
+        return s if isinstance(s, dict) else None
+    except (OSError, ValueError):
+        return None
+
+
+def save_state(env, s):
+    os.makedirs(env.state_dir, mode=0o755, exist_ok=True)
+    tmp = state_path(env) + ".tmp"
+    with open(tmp, "w") as f:
+        json.dump(s, f, indent=2, sort_keys=True)
+        f.write("\n")
+    os.chmod(tmp, 0o644)
+    os.replace(tmp, state_path(env))
+
+
+def set_panic(env, seconds):
+    with open(env.panic_path, "w") as f:
+        f.write(f"{seconds}\n")
+
+
+def read(path, default=""):
+    try:
+        with open(path) as f:
+            return f.read().strip()
+    except OSError:
+        return default
+
+
+def summarize(s, c, now):
+    window = c["WINDOW_MINUTES"] * 60
+    times = [parse_iso(t) for t in s.get("unclean_boots", [])]
+    after = parse_iso(s["rearmed_at"]) if s.get("rearmed_at") else 0
+    # a re-arm starts a fresh window (or the next unclean boot would trip again at once); the history stays
+    s["unclean_boots_in_window"] = sum(1 for t in times if now - t <= window and t > after)
+    s["unclean_boots_24h"] = sum(1 for t in times if now - t <= 86400)
+    s["config"] = c
+    s["updated_at"] = iso(now)
+
+
+def boot(env):
+    c = load_conf(env)
+    now = env.now()
+    try:
+        up = float(read(env.uptime_path, "0").split()[0])
+    except (ValueError, IndexError):
+        up = 0.0
+    boot_at = now - up
+    prev = load_state(env)
+    first = prev is None
+    s = prev or {"version": 1, "unclean_boots": [], "tripped": False}
+    clean = os.path.exists(marker_path(env))
+    unclean = (not first) and (not clean)
+    try:
+        os.remove(marker_path(env))
+    except OSError:
+        pass
+    # keep 7 days of history (the 24 h figure and the operator's view), drop older
+    s["unclean_boots"] = [t for t in s.get("unclean_boots", []) if now - parse_iso(t) <= 7 * 86400]
+    if unclean:
+        s["unclean_boots"].append(iso(boot_at))
+    s["last_boot_at"] = iso(boot_at)
+    s["last_boot_unclean"] = unclean
+    s["boot_id"] = read(env.boot_id_path, "unknown")
+    summarize(s, c, now)
+    if not s.get("tripped") and s["unclean_boots_in_window"] >= c["LIMIT"] - 1:
+        s["tripped"], s["tripped_at"] = True, iso(now)
+        s["tripped_reason"] = (f"{s['unclean_boots_in_window']} unclean boots within {c['WINDOW_MINUTES']} minutes — "
+                               f"the next crash leaves the box off (limit {c['LIMIT']})")
+        env.log(f"crash-guard: TRIPPED: {s['tripped_reason']}")
+    panic = 0 if s.get("tripped") else c["PANIC_SECONDS"]
+    set_panic(env, panic)
+    s["kernel_panic"] = panic
+    s["armed"] = not s.get("tripped")
+    save_state(env, s)
+    env.log(f"crash-guard: boot first={first} unclean={unclean} in-window={s['unclean_boots_in_window']} "
+            f"tripped={s.get('tripped')} kernel.panic={panic}")
+    return 0
+
+
+def clean_stop(env):
+    os.makedirs(env.state_dir, mode=0o755, exist_ok=True)
+    with open(marker_path(env), "w") as f:
+        f.write(iso(env.now()) + "\n")
+    env.log("crash-guard: clean stop recorded")
+    return 0
+
+
+def rearm(env, by):
+    c = load_conf(env)
+    now = env.now()
+    s = load_state(env) or {"version": 1, "unclean_boots": []}
+    was = bool(s.get("tripped"))
+    s["tripped"] = False
+    s["armed"] = True
+    s["rearmed_at"], s["rearmed_by"] = iso(now), by
+    if was:
+        s["last_trip"] = {"at": s.get("tripped_at"), "reason": s.get("tripped_reason")}
+    s.pop("tripped_at", None)
+    s.pop("tripped_reason", None)
+    summarize(s, c, now)
+    set_panic(env, c["PANIC_SECONDS"])
+    s["kernel_panic"] = c["PANIC_SECONDS"]
+    save_state(env, s)
+    env.log(f"crash-guard: RE-ARMED by {by} (was tripped: {was}); kernel.panic={c['PANIC_SECONDS']}")
+    return 0
+
+
+def check(env):
+    c = load_conf(env)
+    now = env.now()
+    s = load_state(env)
+    if not s:
+        return 0
+    if s.get("tripped"):
+        since = max(parse_iso(s["tripped_at"]), parse_iso(s.get("last_boot_at", s["tripped_at"])))
+        if now - since >= c["REARM_HOURS"] * 3600:
+            return rearm(env, f"timer ({c['REARM_HOURS']} h of normal running)")
+    summarize(s, c, now)
+    save_state(env, s)
+    return 0
+
+
+def main(argv, env=None):
+    env = env or Env()
+    cmd = argv[1] if len(argv) == 2 else ""
+    if cmd == "boot":
+        return boot(env)
+    if cmd == "clean-stop":
+        return clean_stop(env)
+    if cmd == "check":
+        return check(env)
+    if cmd == "rearm":
+        return rearm(env, "operator")
+    if cmd == "status":
+        print(json.dumps(load_state(env), indent=2, sort_keys=True))
+        return 0
+    print("usage: felhom-crash-guard boot|clean-stop|check|rearm|status", file=sys.stderr)
+    return 2
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if os.geteuid() != 0:
+        print("felhom-crash-guard: must run as root", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(2)
+    sys.exit(main(sys.argv))

configs/felhom-crash-guard-check.service

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Hourly: a tripped crash guard re-arms after REARM_HOURS of normal running (felhom-crash-guard check).
+[Unit]
+Description=Felhom crash guard re-arm check
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/felhom-crash-guard check

configs/felhom-crash-guard-check.timer

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Felhom crash guard re-arm check (hourly)
+
+[Timer]
+OnBootSec=15min
+OnUnitActiveSec=1h
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=timers.target

configs/felhom-crash-guard.service

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# felhom-crash-guard — a crashed host restarts by itself, with a limit (`09` decision 88, R-851, `11` §5.9).
+# Starts early at boot (sets kernel.panic for THIS boot); its ExecStop writes the clean-stop marker during an orderly
+# shutdown or reboot. A boot that finds no marker followed a crash, a power cut or a hard reset.
+[Unit]
+Description=Felhom crash guard (restart after a kernel crash, with a limit)
+DefaultDependencies=no
+After=local-fs.target
+Before=sysinit.target shutdown.target
+Conflicts=shutdown.target
+RequiresMountsFor=/var/lib
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+RemainAfterExit=yes
+ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/felhom-crash-guard boot
+ExecStop=/usr/local/sbin/felhom-crash-guard clean-stop
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=sysinit.target

configs/felhom-os-apply

@@ -0,0 +1,905 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python3
+# felhom-os-apply — the ROOT half of the agent's operating-system update leg (`11-os-updates.md` §5.4.1, §8.1–8.2).
+#
+# Install as /usr/local/sbin/felhom-os-apply (0755 root:root). The non-root agent invokes it via `sudo -n`
+# (FELHOM_OSAPPLY alias) with EXACTLY:   felhom-os-apply --plan /var/lib/felhom-agent/os/plan-<id>.json
+# Nothing else on the command line is accepted. Python 3, standard library only (a JSON plan cannot be parsed
+# safely in sh). Tests: configs/test_felhom_os_apply.py (a fake runner; nothing real is executed).
+#
+# THE TRUST MODEL. The plan is written by the agent, so a broken-into agent writes whatever plan it likes. The
+# protection is therefore what this file REFUSES, not where the plan came from: no removal, no downgrade, no new
+# package, no package outside the plan, only Debian origin in the fast lane, no kernel / boot package on the host,
+# only the box's own customer guest, and the host layer only on a box whose ROOT-OWNED install record says
+# "appliance" (a BYO host belongs to its owner, `11` §1). Package signatures stay Debian's: apt checks every Release
+# file, including the snapshot.debian.org fallback (decision 79). Nothing here is overridable from the environment.
+#
+# LAYERS (agent v0.141.0): "guest" (the customer LXC, entered with `pct exec`) and "host" (this Proxmox host, run
+# directly). LANE: "fast" for those two. Agent v0.142.0 adds the layer "docker" (the guest's Docker engine set, `11`
+# §5.8), which is the SLOW lane: lane "slow" only, the six Docker packages only, origin "Docker CE" only, and only
+# with an authority this file checks ITSELF (R3): a signed operator job verified with `ssh-keygen -Y verify` against
+# the ROOT-OWNED signers file (TRUST_SIGNERS), bound to this host (TRUST_FILE host_id), unexpired and never replayed;
+# or, for an unsigned ring-0 step, the root-owned TRUST_FILE saying `"ring0_slow_lane": true` (set by hand on the demo
+# boxes only). The agent's own config is NOT trusted for either: the agent can write it. A Docker step also needs
+# `live-restore` ON (R15) — without it every container restarts.
+#
+# Modes (plan field "mode"):
+#   inventory   `apt-get update`, then report what is installed (with origin), what is pending, and health.
+#   apply       repair first, pick the packages (select "listed": the plan's name=version list; "pending-fast": every
+#               pending Debian / Debian-Security upgrade, for ring 0), check every refusal on an `apt-get -s`
+#               simulation of EXACTLY name=version, install, clean, scan for restart-needed, report as inventory.
+#   health      report health only (the agent polls it after a run).
+#   facts       (v0.142.0) read-only versions for the hub's System page: host Debian, running and next-boot kernel,
+#               held packages, kernel taint, the crash guard; guest Debian, Docker engine, containerd, live-restore.
+#   live-restore-on  (v0.142.0, layer guest) the ONE-TIME step of `09` decision 87: merge `"live-restore": true`
+#               into the guest's /etc/docker/daemon.json and `systemctl reload docker`. NEVER a restart (R-835).
+# Output: log lines on stderr and the journal (tag felhom-os-apply); the LAST stdout line is
+#   OSAPPLY-REPORT <one JSON object>
+# which is what the agent parses. Exit 0 = done; 2 = refused (nothing changed); 3 = failed during install.
+#
+# SPEED (R-845, agent v0.141.0). Every `pct exec` costs ~0.9 s (measured on demo-hp), and v0.140.0 made one per
+# package for version comparisons — 272 packages ≈ 4 minutes. Versions are now compared with the HOST's dpkg (the same
+# Debian algorithm), madison/policy run once per pass for all packages, the restart scan runs only after an install,
+# and one wrapper call does the whole pass (no separate inventory call before an apply).
+import calendar
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import stat
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+
+PLAN_DIR = "/var/lib/felhom-agent/os"
+PLAN_RE = re.compile(r"^plan-[A-Za-z0-9._-]{1,80}\.json$")
+AGENT_USER = "felhom-agent"
+FAST_ORIGINS = ("Debian", "Debian-Security")
+# Debian package name and version grammar (Debian policy §5.6.1, §5.6.12).
+NAME_RE = re.compile(r"^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9+.-]+$")
+VERSION_RE = re.compile(r"^(?:[0-9]+:)?[0-9][A-Za-z0-9.+~-]*$")
+SNAP_RE = re.compile(r"^[0-9]{8}T[0-9]{6}Z$")
+RESERVED_VMIDS = set(range(990000, 990010)) | {9999}
+DRIVES_PARENT = "/mnt/felhom-drives"
+SNAPSHOT_LIST = "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/felhom-os-snapshot.list"
+APT_ENV = ["env", "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive", "APT_LISTCHANGES_FRONTEND=none", "NEEDRESTART_MODE=l", "LC_ALL=C"]
+DPKG_OPTS = ["-o", "Dpkg::Options::=--force-confold", "-o", "Dpkg::Options::=--force-confdef"]
+MIN_FREE = 500 * 1024 * 1024
+# The installer's ROOT-OWNED record (felhom-host-install.sh `state_set mode`); the agent cannot write it.
+INSTALL_STATE = "/var/lib/felhom-install/state.json"
+# Kernel, boot and firmware packages are the SLOW lane on the host whatever their origin (`11` C3, §5.2): a host
+# reboot is needed for them to take effect, and a bad one can stop the box from booting.
+HOST_SLOW_RE = re.compile(r"^(linux-(image|headers|kbuild|modules|base)|proxmox-kernel|proxmox-default-kernel|pve-kernel|"
+                          r"pve-firmware|firmware-|grub|shim|systemd-boot|intel-microcode|amd64-microcode|efibootmgr)")
+# restart_needed() leaves out processes whose cgroup line matches (grep basic regex). Host: the LXC guests' own
+# processes (`0::/lxc/<vmid>/...`) -- NOT lxc-start itself, whose cgroup is `0::/lxc.monitor/<vmid>` (measured
+# 2026-10-04 on demo-felhom: the old pattern "lxc" hid lxc-start with 20 deleted maps, so "reboot needed" stayed false
+# after a libc6 update). Pinned by test_restart_skip_patterns_against_real_cgroups.
+RESTART_SKIP_CGROUP = {"guest": "docker", "host": ":/lxc/"}
+HOST_SERVICES = ["pveproxy", "pvedaemon", "pvestatd", "pve-cluster", "felhom-agent"]
+# The Docker engine set (`11` §5.8): the only names the docker layer may touch, from the only origin it may use.
+DOCKER_NAMES = ("containerd.io", "docker-buildx-plugin", "docker-ce", "docker-ce-cli", "docker-ce-rootless-extras",
+                "docker-compose-plugin")
+DOCKER_ORIGIN = "Docker CE"
+# ROOT-OWNED trust anchors (the installer writes them; the demo boxes got them by hand, R-840). Never the agent's config.
+TRUST_FILE = "/etc/felhom/os-trust.json"          # {"host_id": "...", "ring0_slow_lane": false}
+TRUST_SIGNERS = "/etc/felhom/operator-signers"    # ssh allowed_signers: <key_id> namespaces="felhom-op-v1" <key>
+SIG_NAMESPACE = "felhom-op-v1"
+SIGNED_OP = "os_docker_step"
+NONCE_FILE = "/var/lib/felhom-os-apply/nonces.json"
+DAEMON_JSON = "/etc/docker/daemon.json"
+CRASH_GUARD_STATE = "/var/lib/felhom-crash-guard/state.json"
+
+
+class Refused(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, code, reason):
+        super().__init__(f"{code} {reason}")
+        self.code, self.reason = code, reason
+
+
+class Runner:
+    """Runs commands for real. Tests replace it with a fake. `guest` runs inside the container via pct exec."""
+
+    def host(self, argv, timeout=600, stdin=None):
+        p = subprocess.run(argv, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=timeout, input=stdin)
+        return p.returncode, p.stdout, p.stderr
+
+    def guest(self, vmid, argv, timeout=1800):
+        return self.host(["/usr/sbin/pct", "exec", str(vmid), "--"] + argv, timeout)
+
+    def read_file(self, path):
+        with open(path) as f:
+            return f.read()
+
+    def stat(self, path):
+        return os.lstat(path)
+
+    def agent_uid(self):
+        import pwd
+        return pwd.getpwnam(AGENT_USER).pw_uid
+
+    def write_file(self, layer, vmid, path, body):
+        """Write a small text file in the target layer — never via a shell string."""
+        if layer == "host":
+            with open(path, "w") as f:
+                f.write(body)
+            return
+        rc, _, _ = self.host(["/usr/sbin/pct", "exec", str(vmid), "--", "tee", path], 60, stdin=body)
+        if rc != 0:
+            raise Refused("R7", f"could not write {path} in the guest")
+
+    def now(self):
+        return time.time()
+
+    def sleep(self, s):
+        time.sleep(s)
+
+    def verify_sig(self, signers, key_id, namespace, blob, sig):
+        """`ssh-keygen -Y verify` over the EXACT signed bytes. Files in a root-only temp dir; nothing via a shell."""
+        import tempfile
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="felhom-os-apply-") as d:
+            sp = os.path.join(d, "sig")
+            with open(sp, "w") as f:
+                f.write(sig)
+            p = subprocess.run(["ssh-keygen", "-Y", "verify", "-f", signers, "-I", key_id, "-n", namespace, "-s", sp],
+                               input=blob, capture_output=True, timeout=30)
+            return p.returncode
+
+    def read_nonces(self):
+        try:
+            with open(NONCE_FILE) as f:
+                d = json.load(f)
+            return d if isinstance(d, dict) else {}
+        except (OSError, ValueError):
+            return {}
+
+    def write_nonces(self, d):
+        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(NONCE_FILE), mode=0o700, exist_ok=True)
+        tmp = NONCE_FILE + ".tmp"
+        with open(tmp, "w") as f:
+            json.dump(d, f)
+        os.replace(tmp, NONCE_FILE)
+
+    def log(self, line):
+        print(line, file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
+        try:
+            subprocess.run(["logger", "-t", "felhom-os-apply", line], timeout=10)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+
+class Apply:
+    def __init__(self, runner, plan_path):
+        self.r = runner
+        self.plan_path = plan_path
+        self.report = {"refused": None, "mode": None}
+
+    # ---------- checks ----------
+    def load_plan(self):
+        p = self.plan_path
+        d, base = os.path.dirname(p), os.path.basename(p)
+        if d != PLAN_DIR or not PLAN_RE.match(base) or ".." in p:
+            raise Refused("R1", f"the plan must be {PLAN_DIR}/plan-<id>.json, got {p!r}")
+        try:
+            st = self.r.stat(p)
+        except OSError as e:
+            raise Refused("R1", f"cannot stat the plan: {e}")
+        if not stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode):
+            raise Refused("R1", "the plan is not a regular file (a symlink or a device is refused)")
+        if st.st_uid != self.r.agent_uid():
+            raise Refused("R1", f"the plan is not owned by {AGENT_USER}")
+        if st.st_size > 2 * 1024 * 1024:
+            raise Refused("R1", "the plan is larger than 2 MB")
+        try:
+            plan = json.loads(self.r.read_file(p))
+        except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
+            raise Refused("R1", f"the plan is not valid JSON: {e}")
+        if not isinstance(plan, dict):
+            raise Refused("R1", "the plan is not a JSON object")
+        return plan
+
+    def check_plan(self, plan):
+        mode = plan.get("mode", "apply")
+        if mode not in ("apply", "inventory", "health", "facts", "live-restore-on"):
+            raise Refused("R11", f"unknown mode {mode!r}")
+        layer = plan.get("layer")
+        if layer not in ("guest", "host", "docker"):
+            raise Refused("R12", f"layer {layer!r} is not guest, host or docker")
+        lane = plan.get("lane", "fast")
+        if layer == "docker" and lane != "slow":
+            raise Refused("R3", "the Docker engine is the slow lane (`11` §5.8); a fast-lane Docker plan is refused")
+        if layer != "docker" and lane != "fast":
+            raise Refused("R3", f"the {layer} layer has no slow lane in this release (kernel, Proxmox: `11` §8 step 6)")
+        if mode == "facts" and layer != "host":
+            raise Refused("R11", "facts is a host-layer mode (it reads the host and the guest)")
+        if mode == "live-restore-on" and layer != "guest":
+            raise Refused("R11", "live-restore-on is a guest-layer mode")
+        if plan.get("undo") and layer != "docker":
+            raise Refused("R5", "an undo (downgrade) exists only for the Docker layer, inside a signed job")
+        vmid = plan.get("vmid")
+        if not isinstance(vmid, int) or isinstance(vmid, bool) or vmid <= 0:
+            raise Refused("R11", f"vmid must be a positive integer, got {vmid!r}")
+        rid = plan.get("release_id", "")
+        if not isinstance(rid, str) or not re.match(r"^[A-Za-z0-9._:-]{1,80}$", rid):
+            raise Refused("R11", f"release_id {rid!r} is not a plain id")
+        if plan.get("allow_new"):
+            raise Refused("R6", "allow_new is a slow-lane field; the fast lane never adds a package")
+        select = plan.get("select", "listed")
+        if select not in ("listed", "pending-fast", "pending-docker"):
+            raise Refused("R11", f"unknown select {select!r}")
+        if (select == "pending-docker") != (layer == "docker" and select != "listed"):
+            if select == "pending-docker" or layer == "docker":
+                raise Refused("R11", f"select {select!r} does not fit layer {layer!r}")
+        pk = plan.get("packages", [])
+        if not isinstance(pk, list):
+            raise Refused("R11", "packages must be a list")
+        if mode == "apply" and select == "listed" and not pk:
+            raise Refused("R11", "packages must be a non-empty list in apply mode (select listed)")
+        if select in ("pending-fast", "pending-docker") and pk:
+            raise Refused("R11", f"select {select} takes no package list")
+        seen = set()
+        for e in pk:
+            if not isinstance(e, dict):
+                raise Refused("R11", "every package entry must be an object")
+            n, v, o = e.get("name"), e.get("version"), e.get("origin")
+            if not isinstance(n, str) or not NAME_RE.match(n):
+                raise Refused("R11", f"package name {n!r} is not a Debian package name")
+            if not isinstance(v, str) or not VERSION_RE.match(v):
+                raise Refused("R11", f"version {v!r} of {n} is not a Debian version string")
+            if n in seen:
+                raise Refused("R11", f"package {n} is named twice")
+            seen.add(n)
+            if layer == "docker":
+                if n not in DOCKER_NAMES or o != DOCKER_ORIGIN:
+                    raise Refused("R2", f"{n} ({o!r}) is not one of the six Docker packages from {DOCKER_ORIGIN!r}")
+                continue
+            if n in DOCKER_NAMES:
+                raise Refused("R2", f"{n} is a Docker package — the slow lane (`11` §5.8), never in a {layer} plan")
+            if o not in FAST_ORIGINS:
+                raise Refused("R2", f"{n}: origin {o!r} is not Debian / Debian-Security (the fast lane, `11` C3)")
+            if layer == "host" and HOST_SLOW_RE.match(n):
+                raise Refused("R14", f"{n} is a kernel / boot / firmware package — the host's slow lane")
+        snap = plan.get("snapshot", "")
+        if snap and not SNAP_RE.match(snap):
+            raise Refused("R11", f"snapshot {snap!r} is not YYYYMMDDTHHMMSSZ")
+        return mode, layer, vmid, select
+
+    def check_appliance(self):
+        """R12: the host layer only on a box whose ROOT-OWNED install record says appliance (`11` §1: never BYO)."""
+        try:
+            st = self.r.stat(INSTALL_STATE)
+        except OSError:
+            raise Refused("R12", f"no install record ({INSTALL_STATE}) — this box cannot prove it is an appliance")
+        if st.st_uid != 0 or (st.st_mode & 0o022):
+            raise Refused("R12", f"{INSTALL_STATE} is not root-owned and root-only-writable — it proves nothing")
+        try:
+            mode = json.loads(self.r.read_file(INSTALL_STATE)).get("mode")
+        except (OSError, ValueError, AttributeError):
+            raise Refused("R12", f"{INSTALL_STATE} is unreadable — this box cannot prove it is an appliance")
+        if mode != "appliance":
+            raise Refused("R12", f"this box was installed as {mode!r}, not appliance — its host belongs to its owner")
+
+    def load_trust(self):
+        """The ROOT-OWNED trust record. Absent or agent-writable → no slow-lane authority at all (R3)."""
+        try:
+            st = self.r.stat(TRUST_FILE)
+        except OSError:
+            raise Refused("R3", f"no {TRUST_FILE} — this box has no slow-lane trust anchor")
+        if st.st_uid != 0 or (st.st_mode & 0o022):
+            raise Refused("R3", f"{TRUST_FILE} is not root-owned and root-only-writable — it proves nothing")
+        try:
+            t = json.loads(self.r.read_file(TRUST_FILE))
+        except (OSError, ValueError):
+            raise Refused("R3", f"{TRUST_FILE} is unreadable")
+        if not isinstance(t, dict) or not isinstance(t.get("host_id"), str) or not t["host_id"]:
+            raise Refused("R3", f"{TRUST_FILE} names no host_id")
+        return t
+
+    def verify_signed(self, signed, trust):
+        """R3: an operator-signed os_docker_step, checked HERE (not by the agent): signature against the root-owned
+        signers file, op, host binding, time window, and a root-owned nonce record (no replay)."""
+        import base64
+        if not isinstance(signed, dict) or not isinstance(signed.get("blob_b64"), str) or not isinstance(signed.get("sig"), str):
+            raise Refused("R3", "the signed job is malformed")
+        try:
+            blob = base64.b64decode(signed["blob_b64"], validate=True)
+            op = json.loads(blob)
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
+            raise Refused("R3", "the signed blob is not base64 JSON")
+        key_id = op.get("key_id", "")
+        if not isinstance(key_id, str) or not re.match(r"^[A-Za-z0-9._-]{1,64}$", key_id):
+            raise Refused("R3", "the signed blob names no plain key_id")
+        try:
+            st = self.r.stat(TRUST_SIGNERS)
+        except OSError:
+            raise Refused("R3", f"no {TRUST_SIGNERS} — no operator key to check a signed job against")
+        if st.st_uid != 0 or (st.st_mode & 0o022):
+            raise Refused("R3", f"{TRUST_SIGNERS} is not root-owned and root-only-writable")
+        rc = self.r.verify_sig(TRUST_SIGNERS, key_id, SIG_NAMESPACE, blob, signed["sig"])
+        if rc != 0:
+            raise Refused("R3", f"the operator signature does not verify (ssh-keygen rc={rc})")
+        if op.get("op") != SIGNED_OP:
+            raise Refused("R3", f"the signed op is {op.get('op')!r}, not {SIGNED_OP}")
+        if (op.get("target") or {}).get("host_id") != trust["host_id"]:
+            raise Refused("R3", "the signed job is for another host")
+        now = self.r.now()
+        try:
+            exp = calendar.timegm(time.strptime(op["expires_at"], "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"))
+            iss = calendar.timegm(time.strptime(op["issued_at"], "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"))
+        except (KeyError, ValueError, TypeError):
+            raise Refused("R3", "the signed job has no readable time window")
+        if now > exp or now < iss - 120:
+            raise Refused("R3", "the signed job is expired or not yet valid")
+        nonce = op.get("nonce")
+        if not isinstance(nonce, str) or not nonce:
+            raise Refused("R3", "the signed job has no nonce")
+        seen = self.r.read_nonces()
+        if nonce in seen:
+            raise Refused("R3", "the signed job was already used (replay)")
+        seen[nonce] = exp
+        self.r.write_nonces({k: v for k, v in seen.items() if v > now})
+        return op.get("params") or {}
+
+    def docker_authority(self, plan):
+        """R3 for the docker layer: returns (who, undo). A signed job binds the EXACT package list and the undo flag."""
+        trust = self.load_trust()
+        signed = plan.get("signed")
+        if signed:
+            params = self.verify_signed(signed, trust)
+            want = sorted(f"{e.get('name')}={e.get('version')}" for e in params.get("packages") or [])
+            got = sorted(f"{e['name']}={e['version']}" for e in plan.get("packages", []))
+            if not want or want != got:
+                raise Refused("R3", "the plan's packages are not exactly the signed job's packages")
+            if bool(params.get("undo")) != bool(plan.get("undo")):
+                raise Refused("R3", "the plan's undo flag is not the signed job's")
+            if params.get("vmid") not in (None, self.vmid):
+                raise Refused("R3", "the signed job names another guest")
+            return "signed", bool(plan.get("undo"))
+        if plan.get("undo"):
+            raise Refused("R3", "an undo (downgrade) needs a signed operator job")
+        if trust.get("ring0_slow_lane") is True:
+            return "ring0", False
+        raise Refused("R3", "a Docker step needs a signed operator job (ring 1) or this box's root-owned ring-0 mark")
+
+    def live_restore(self):
+        rc, out, _ = self.g(["docker", "info", "--format", "{{.LiveRestoreEnabled}}"], timeout=60)
+        return out.strip() if rc == 0 and out.strip() in ("true", "false") else "unknown"
+
+    def container_ids(self):
+        rc, out, _ = self.g(["docker", "ps", "-q", "--no-trunc"], timeout=60)
+        return sorted(out.split()) if rc == 0 else None
+
+    def live_restore_on(self):
+        """`09` decision 87: merge live-restore into daemon.json and RELOAD (C5: a reload turns it on, no restart)."""
+        log = self.r.log
+        if self.live_restore() == "true":
+            self.report["live_restore"] = {"result": "already on"}
+            log("os-apply: LIVE-RESTORE already on")
+            return 0
+        rc, cur, _ = self.g(["cat", DAEMON_JSON], timeout=30)
+        try:
+            conf = json.loads(cur) if rc == 0 and cur.strip() else {}
+        except ValueError:
+            raise Refused("R16", f"{DAEMON_JSON} in the guest is not valid JSON — not touched")
+        if not isinstance(conf, dict):
+            raise Refused("R16", f"{DAEMON_JSON} is not a JSON object — not touched")
+        before = self.container_ids()
+        conf["live-restore"] = True
+        self.r.write_file("guest", self.vmid, DAEMON_JSON, json.dumps(conf, indent=2, sort_keys=True) + "\n")
+        rrc, _, rerr = self.g(["systemctl", "reload", "docker"], timeout=120)
+        state = "unknown"
+        for _ in range(10):
+            state = self.live_restore()
+            if state == "true":
+                break
+            self.r.sleep(1)
+        after = self.container_ids()
+        same = before is not None and before == after
+        self.report["live_restore"] = {"result": "on" if state == "true" else "failed", "reload_rc": rrc,
+                                       "containers_before": len(before or []), "same_ids": same}
+        log(f"os-apply: LIVE-RESTORE reload_rc={rrc} state={state} containers={len(before or [])} same-ids={'yes' if same else 'NO'}")
+        if state != "true":
+            # put the old file back (and reload again) — still never a restart
+            self.r.write_file("guest", self.vmid, DAEMON_JSON, cur if rc == 0 else "{}\n")
+            self.g(["systemctl", "reload", "docker"], timeout=120)
+            self.report["failed"] = {"rc": 3, "step": "live-restore", "reason": (rerr or "").strip()[-200:]}
+            return 3
+        return 0
+
+    def kernel_next_boot(self):
+        """Which kernel GRUB boots next, read without root-only files (grubenv + /etc/default/grub + /boot)."""
+        try:
+            dflt = re.search(r'^GRUB_DEFAULT=["\']?([^"\'\n]*)', self.r.read_file("/etc/default/grub"), re.M)
+            dflt = dflt.group(1) if dflt else "0"
+        except OSError:
+            dflt = "0"
+        env = {}
+        try:
+            for l in self.r.read_file("/boot/grub/grubenv").splitlines():
+                if "=" in l and not l.startswith("#"):
+                    k, v = l.split("=", 1)
+                    env[k] = v
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+        def ver(entry):
+            m = re.search(r"gnulinux-([0-9][^>\s]*?-pve)-(?:advanced|recovery)", entry)
+            return m.group(1) if m else "unknown"
+        if env.get("next_entry"):
+            return ver(env["next_entry"]), "next_entry (a one-shot GRUB cannot clear on LVM /boot)"
+        if dflt == "saved":
+            return (ver(env["saved_entry"]), "saved default") if env.get("saved_entry") else ("unknown", "saved default unset")
+        if dflt == "0":
+            rc, out, _ = self.r.host(["sh", "-c", "ls /boot/vmlinuz-* 2>/dev/null"], 30)
+            vers = [l.split("vmlinuz-", 1)[1] for l in out.split() if "vmlinuz-" in l]
+            best = None
+            for v in vers:
+                if best is None or self.dpkg_cmp(v, "gt", best):
+                    best = v
+            return (best or "unknown"), "GRUB_DEFAULT=0 (the newest installed)"
+        return "unknown", f"GRUB_DEFAULT={dflt}"
+
+    def facts(self):
+        """Read-only versions for the hub's System page (R-852). A value that cannot be read is "unknown"."""
+        def first(cmd, timeout=30):
+            rc, out, _ = self.r.host(cmd, timeout)
+            v = out.strip().splitlines()[0].strip() if rc == 0 and out.strip() else ""
+            return v or "unknown"
+        h = {"debian": first(["cat", "/etc/debian_version"]), "kernel_running": first(["uname", "-r"])}
+        h["kernel_next_boot"], h["kernel_next_boot_source"] = self.kernel_next_boot()
+        rc, out, _ = self.r.host(["apt-mark", "showhold"], 60)
+        h["held"] = sorted(out.split()) if rc == 0 else None
+        try:
+            t = int(self.r.read_file("/proc/sys/kernel/tainted").strip())
+            h["tainted"], h["oops_this_boot"], h["warn_this_boot"] = t, bool(t & 128), bool(t & 512)
+        except (OSError, ValueError):
+            h["tainted"], h["oops_this_boot"], h["warn_this_boot"] = None, None, None
+        try:
+            h["kernel_panic"] = int(self.r.read_file("/proc/sys/kernel/panic").strip())
+        except (OSError, ValueError):
+            h["kernel_panic"] = None
+        try:
+            h["crash_guard"] = json.loads(self.r.read_file(CRASH_GUARD_STATE))
+        except (OSError, ValueError):
+            h["crash_guard"] = None
+        g = {"debian": "unknown", "docker_engine": "unknown", "containerd": "unknown", "live_restore": "unknown"}
+        try:
+            self.check_guest(self.vmid)
+            running = True
+        except Refused as e:
+            running, g["unknown_reason"] = False, f"{e.code} {e.reason}"
+        if running:
+            script = ('echo "debian=$(cat /etc/debian_version 2>/dev/null)"; '
+                      'echo "engine=$(docker version --format \'{{.Server.Version}}\' 2>/dev/null)"; '
+                      'echo "containerd=$(dpkg-query -W -f \'${Version}\' containerd.io 2>/dev/null)"; '
+                      'echo "live=$(docker info --format \'{{.LiveRestoreEnabled}}\' 2>/dev/null)"')
+            rc, out, _ = self.g(["sh", "-c", script], timeout=60)
+            kv = dict(l.split("=", 1) for l in out.splitlines() if "=" in l)
+            for k, src in (("debian", "debian"), ("docker_engine", "engine"), ("containerd", "containerd")):
+                g[k] = kv.get(src, "").strip() or "unknown"
+            g["live_restore"] = {"true": "on", "false": "off"}.get(kv.get("live", "").strip(), "unknown")
+        self.report["facts"] = {"host": h, "guest": g}
+        return 0
+
+    def check_guest(self, vmid):
+        if vmid in RESERVED_VMIDS:
+            raise Refused("R10", f"vmid {vmid} is a reserved scratch vmid")
+        try:
+            conf = self.r.read_file(f"/etc/pve/lxc/{vmid}.conf")
+        except OSError:
+            raise Refused("R10", f"vmid {vmid} is not a container on this host")
+        cur = conf.split("\n[", 1)[0]  # the current config, not a snapshot section
+        binds = [l for l in cur.splitlines() if re.match(r"^mp[0-9]+: " + re.escape(DRIVES_PARENT) + r",", l)]
+        if not binds:
+            raise Refused("R10", f"vmid {vmid} does not bind {DRIVES_PARENT} — it is not this box's customer guest")
+        lock = [l for l in cur.splitlines() if l.startswith("lock:")]
+        if lock:
+            raise Refused("R9", f"vmid {vmid} is locked ({lock[0].split(':', 1)[1].strip()}) — a backup or restore is running")
+        rc, out, _ = self.r.host(["/usr/sbin/pct", "status", str(vmid)])
+        if rc != 0 or "running" not in out:
+            raise Refused("R10", f"vmid {vmid} is not running")
+
+    # ---------- target helpers ----------
+    def x(self, argv, timeout=1800):
+        """Run in the TARGET layer: the guest via pct exec, or the host directly."""
+        if self.layer == "host":
+            return self.r.host(argv, timeout)
+        return self.r.guest(self.vmid, argv, timeout)  # guest and docker both live in the customer guest
+
+    def g(self, argv, timeout=1800):
+        """Run in the customer GUEST whatever the layer (its health)."""
+        return self.r.guest(self.vmid, argv, timeout)
+
+    def dpkg_cmp(self, a, op, b):
+        # The HOST's dpkg: the same Debian version algorithm, and no `pct exec` (0.9 s) per comparison (R-845).
+        rc, _, _ = self.r.host(["dpkg", "--compare-versions", a, op, b], 30)
+        return rc == 0
+
+    def installed(self):
+        rc, out, _ = self.x(["dpkg-query", "-W", "-f", "${Package}\t${Version}\t${db:Status-Abbrev}\n"])
+        res = {}
+        for l in out.splitlines():
+            parts = l.split("\t")
+            if len(parts) == 3 and parts[2].startswith("ii"):
+                res[parts[0]] = parts[1]
+        return res
+
+    def madison_all(self, names):
+        """name -> set of downloadable versions, ONE call for all names."""
+        res = {n: set() for n in names}
+        if not names:
+            return res
+        rc, out, _ = self.x(["apt-cache", "madison"] + sorted(names))
+        for l in out.splitlines():
+            f = [x.strip() for x in l.split("|")]
+            if len(f) >= 3 and f[0] in res:
+                res[f[0]].add(f[1])
+        return res
+
+    def simulate(self, args):
+        rc, out, err = self.x(APT_ENV + ["apt-get", "-s", "-q"] + args)
+        inst, remv = [], []
+        for l in out.splitlines():
+            m = re.match(r"^Inst (\S+) (?:\[([^]]*)\] )?\((\S+) (.*?) \[[a-z0-9]+\]\)", l)
+            if m:
+                inst.append({"name": m.group(1), "from": m.group(2), "to": m.group(3), "origin": m.group(4)})
+            m = re.match(r"^Remv (\S+)", l)
+            if m:
+                remv.append(m.group(1))
+        return rc, inst, remv, out + err
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def origin_name(origin):
+        # "Debian:13.7/stable, Debian-Security:13/stable-security" -> {"Debian", "Debian-Security"}
+        return {o.strip().split(":")[0] for o in origin.split(",") if o.strip()}
+
+    def free_bytes(self):
+        rc, out, _ = self.x(["df", "-B1", "--output=avail", "/"])
+        try:
+            return int(out.strip().splitlines()[-1])
+        except (ValueError, IndexError):
+            return -1
+
+    def apt_lock_held(self):
+        rc, out, _ = self.x(["fuser", "/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend", "/var/lib/dpkg/lock"])
+        return rc == 0 and out.strip() != ""
+
+    def guest_health(self):
+        """The guest's signals: every container's state + health, the controller's own health, the network."""
+        rc, out, _ = self.g(["docker", "ps", "-a", "--no-trunc", "--format", "{{.Names}}\t{{.State}}\t{{.Status}}\t{{.ID}}"], timeout=60)
+        cont = {}
+        for l in out.splitlines():
+            p = l.split("\t")
+            if len(p) >= 3:
+                h = "healthy" if "(healthy)" in p[2] else "unhealthy" if "(unhealthy)" in p[2] else \
+                    "starting" if "(health: starting)" in p[2] else "none"
+                cont[p[0]] = {"state": p[1], "health": h}
+                if len(p) >= 4 and p[3]:
+                    cont[p[0]]["id"] = p[3]
+        nrc, _, _ = self.g(["getent", "hosts", "deb.debian.org"], timeout=30)
+        return {"docker_ok": rc == 0, "containers": cont,
+                "controller": cont.get("felhom-controller", {}).get("health", "absent"),
+                "network_ok": nrc == 0}
+
+    def health(self):
+        if self.layer in ("guest", "docker"):
+            return self.guest_health()
+        rc, out, _ = self.r.host(["systemctl", "is-active"] + HOST_SERVICES, 30)
+        states = out.split()
+        svc = {s: (states[i] if i < len(states) else "unknown") for i, s in enumerate(HOST_SERVICES)}
+        src, sout, _ = self.r.host(["/usr/sbin/pct", "status", str(self.vmid)], 30)
+        running = src == 0 and "running" in sout
+        return {"host_services": svc, "guest_running": running, "guest": self.guest_health() if running else None}
+
+    def restart_needed(self):
+        """Processes still mapping deleted files, OUTSIDE containers (C11). Guest: outside docker; host: outside the
+        LXC guests (the host's /proc shows guest processes too)."""
+        skip = RESTART_SKIP_CGROUP["host" if self.layer == "host" else "guest"]
+        script = ('for p in /proc/[0-9]*; do grep -q "(deleted)" $p/maps 2>/dev/null || continue; '
+                  'grep -q "%s" $p/cgroup 2>/dev/null && continue; echo "${p#/proc/} $(cat $p/comm 2>/dev/null)"; done' % skip)
+        rc, out, _ = self.x(["sh", "-c", script], timeout=120)
+        lines = [l for l in out.splitlines() if " " in l]
+        procs = sorted({l.split(" ", 1)[1] for l in lines})
+        pid1 = any(l.split(" ", 1)[0] == "1" for l in lines)
+        return procs, pid1 or "lxc-start" in procs
+
+    def inventory(self, inst=None):
+        inst = inst if inst is not None else self.installed()
+        names = sorted(inst)
+        origins = {}
+        if names:
+            rc, out, _ = self.x(["apt-cache", "policy"] + names)  # ONE call (R-845)
+            cur, star = None, False
+            for l in out.splitlines():
+                if not l.startswith(" "):
+                    cur, star = l.rstrip(":"), False
+                    continue
+                s = l.strip()
+                if s.startswith("*** "):
+                    star = True
+                    continue
+                if star and cur and re.match(r"^[0-9-]+ ", s):
+                    if "/var/lib/dpkg/status" in s:
+                        origins.setdefault(cur, "local")
+                    else:
+                        origins[cur] = s
+                    continue
+                if star and not re.match(r"^[0-9-]+ ", s):
+                    star = False
+
+        def oname(src):
+            if src in (None, "local"):
+                return "unknown"
+            if "proxmox" in src:
+                return "Proxmox"
+            if "security" in src and "debian" in src:
+                return "Debian-Security"
+            if "docker.com" in src:
+                return "Docker"
+            if "debian" in src:
+                return "Debian"
+            return "other"
+        rc, pend, remv, _ = self.simulate(["dist-upgrade"])
+        self._pending = pend
+        return {
+            "installed": [{"name": n, "version": inst[n], "origin": oname(origins.get(n))} for n in names],
+            "pending": [{"name": p["name"], "from": p["from"], "to": p["to"],
+                         "origin": sorted(self.origin_name(p["origin"]))} for p in pend],
+        }
+
+    # ---------- the run ----------
+    def run(self):
+        plan = self.load_plan()
+        self.mode, self.layer, self.vmid, self.select = self.check_plan(plan)
+        self.report.update(mode=self.mode, layer=self.layer, release_id=plan.get("release_id"), vmid=self.vmid)
+        if self.mode == "facts":
+            return self.facts()
+        if self.layer == "host":
+            self.check_appliance()
+        self.check_guest(self.vmid)
+        log = self.r.log
+        if self.mode == "live-restore-on":
+            return self.live_restore_on()
+        self.who, self.allow_downgrade = ("fast", False)
+        if self.layer == "docker" and self.mode == "apply":
+            self.who, self.allow_downgrade = self.docker_authority(plan)
+            if self.live_restore() != "true":
+                raise Refused("R15", "live-restore is not ON in the guest — a Docker step would restart every container")
+            self.report["authority"] = self.who
+            self.report["undo"] = self.allow_downgrade
+        if self.mode == "health":
+            self.report["health"] = self.health()
+            return 0
+        log(f"os-apply: START release={plan.get('release_id')} layer={self.layer}" +
+            (f":{self.vmid}" if self.layer != "host" else "") +
+            f" lane={plan.get('lane', 'fast')} mode={self.mode} select={self.select} packages={len(plan.get('packages', []))}" +
+            (f" authority={self.who}{' UNDO' if self.allow_downgrade else ''}" if self.layer == "docker" else ""))
+        if self.apt_lock_held():
+            raise Refused("R9", f"another apt/dpkg holds the lock on the {self.layer}")
+        self.report["health_before"] = self.health()
+        if self.mode == "apply":
+            self.repair()
+        rc, out, err = self.x(APT_ENV + ["apt-get", "-q", "update"], timeout=600)
+        if rc != 0:
+            raise Refused("R7", f"apt-get update failed on the {self.layer}: {(out + err).strip().splitlines()[-1:]}")
+        installed_after = None
+        if self.mode == "apply":
+            rc, installed_after = self.apply(plan)
+            if rc:
+                return rc
+        self.report.update(self.inventory(installed_after))
+        if "reboot_needed" not in self.report:
+            # EVERY layer is scanned on EVERY pass: a reboot (host) or a restart (guest) must CLEAR "restart needed",
+            # or the fleet view keeps a stale date (R-849, v0.142.0; the host since v0.141.1). One pct exec, ~1 s.
+            # Pinned by test_every_layer_scans_every_pass.
+            self.report["restart_needed"], self.report["reboot_needed"] = self.restart_needed()
+            self.report["docker_restart_needed"] = any(p in ("dockerd", "containerd") for p in self.report["restart_needed"])
+        if self.layer == "docker":
+            rc_v, out_v, _ = self.g(["docker", "version", "--format", "{{.Server.Version}}"], timeout=60)
+            self.report["docker_engine"] = out_v.strip() if rc_v == 0 and out_v.strip() else "unknown"
+        self.report["reboot_scanned"] = "reboot_needed" in self.report
+        self.report["health_after"] = self.health()
+        return 0
+
+    def repair(self):
+        rc, before, _ = self.x(["dpkg", "--audit"])
+        configured = len([l for l in before.splitlines() if l.startswith(" ")])
+        fixed = 0
+        after = ""
+        if before.strip():  # nothing half-done → nothing to run (R-845: two calls saved on every clean pass)
+            self.x(APT_ENV + ["dpkg", "--configure", "-a", "--force-confold"])
+            rc2, out, err = self.x(APT_ENV + ["apt-get", "-f", "install", "-y", "-q"] + DPKG_OPTS)
+            _, after, _ = self.x(["dpkg", "--audit"])
+            fixed = len(re.findall(r"^Setting up ", out, re.M))
+        self.report["repair"] = {"half_configured_before": configured, "fixed": fixed, "clean_after": after.strip() == ""}
+        self.r.log(f"os-apply: REPAIR configured={configured} fixed={fixed}")
+        if after.strip():
+            raise Refused("R13", "dpkg is still broken after the repair: " + after.strip().splitlines()[0])
+
+    def pending_fast(self):
+        """Ring 0 (select pending-fast): every pending upgrade of an INSTALLED package whose every origin is Debian /
+        Debian-Security — and, on the host, not a kernel / boot / firmware package."""
+        rc, pend, remv, _ = self.simulate(["dist-upgrade"])
+        out = []
+        for p in pend:
+            o = self.origin_name(p["origin"])
+            if p["from"] is None or not o or not o <= set(FAST_ORIGINS):
+                continue
+            if self.layer == "host" and HOST_SLOW_RE.match(p["name"]):
+                continue
+            out.append({"name": p["name"], "version": p["to"], "origin": "Debian-Security" if "Debian-Security" in o else "Debian"})
+        return out
+
+    def pending_docker(self):
+        """Ring 0 (select pending-docker): the newest pending version of each INSTALLED Docker package, Docker origin."""
+        rc, pend, remv, _ = self.simulate(["dist-upgrade"])
+        return [{"name": p["name"], "version": p["to"], "origin": DOCKER_ORIGIN} for p in pend
+                if p["from"] is not None and p["name"] in DOCKER_NAMES and self.origin_name(p["origin"]) == {DOCKER_ORIGIN}]
+
+    def origin_ok(self, origin):
+        o = self.origin_name(origin)
+        if self.layer == "docker":
+            return o == {DOCKER_ORIGIN}
+        return bool(o & set(FAST_ORIGINS))
+
+    def apply(self, plan):
+        log = self.r.log
+        if self.select == "listed":
+            packages = plan["packages"]
+        elif self.select == "pending-docker":
+            packages = self.pending_docker()
+        else:
+            packages = self.pending_fast()
+        cmp_op = "ne" if self.allow_downgrade else "gt"
+        inst = self.installed()
+        upgrade, already, notinst = [], 0, 0
+        for e in packages:
+            n, v = e["name"], e["version"]
+            if n not in inst:
+                notinst += 1
+                continue
+            if not self.dpkg_cmp(v, cmp_op, inst[n]):
+                already += 1
+                continue
+            upgrade.append((n, v))
+        from_snap = 0
+        if upgrade:
+            avail = self.madison_all([n for n, _ in upgrade])
+            missing = [(n, v) for n, v in upgrade if v not in avail[n]]
+        else:
+            missing = []
+        if missing:
+            snap = plan.get("snapshot", "")
+            if not snap:
+                raise Refused("R7", f"{missing[0][0]}={missing[0][1]} is not downloadable and the plan names no snapshot")
+            self.add_snapshot_sources(snap)
+            avail = self.madison_all([n for n, _ in missing])
+            still = [(n, v) for n, v in missing if v not in avail[n]]
+            if still:
+                self.remove_snapshot_sources()
+                raise Refused("R7", f"{still[0][0]}={still[0][1]} is not downloadable, not even from snapshot {snap}")
+            from_snap = len(missing)
+        try:
+            log(f"os-apply: PLAN upgrade={len(upgrade)} already={already} not-installed={notinst} from-snapshot={from_snap}")
+            self.report["plan"] = {"upgrade": len(upgrade), "already": already, "not_installed": notinst, "from_snapshot": from_snap}
+            if not upgrade:
+                self.report["upgraded"] = []
+                log("os-apply: DONE rc=0 seconds=0 upgraded=0 (nothing to do)")
+                return 0, inst
+            args = ["install", "--only-upgrade", "--no-install-recommends"] + \
+                (["--allow-downgrades"] if self.allow_downgrade else []) + [f"{n}={v}" for n, v in upgrade]
+            rc, sim, remv, text = self.simulate(args)
+            if rc != 0:
+                tail = text.strip().splitlines()[-1] if text.strip() else ""
+                raise Refused("R7", "the simulation failed: " + tail)
+            if remv:
+                raise Refused("R4", f"the plan would remove {', '.join(remv[:5])}")
+            want = dict(upgrade)
+            for p in sim:
+                if p["from"] is None:
+                    raise Refused("R6", f"the plan would add a package that is not installed: {p['name']}")
+                if p["name"] not in want:
+                    raise Refused("R6", f"the plan would touch {p['name']}, which is not in the plan")
+                if p["to"] != want[p["name"]]:
+                    raise Refused("R6", f"{p['name']} would go to {p['to']}, not the approved {want[p['name']]}")
+                if not self.allow_downgrade and not self.dpkg_cmp(p["to"], "gt", p["from"]):
+                    raise Refused("R5", f"{p['name']} would be downgraded {p['from']} -> {p['to']}")
+                if not self.origin_ok(p["origin"]):
+                    raise Refused("R2", f"{p['name']} would come from {p['origin']}, not the {self.layer} layer's origin")
+                if self.layer == "host" and HOST_SLOW_RE.match(p["name"]):
+                    raise Refused("R14", f"{p['name']} is a kernel / boot / firmware package — the host's slow lane")
+            need = self.download_bytes(args)
+            free = self.free_bytes()
+            if free >= 0 and free < max(MIN_FREE, 3 * need):
+                raise Refused("R8", f"free space {free} B is below max(500 MB, 3 x download {need} B)")
+            t0 = time.time()
+            rc, out, err = self.x(APT_ENV + ["apt-get", "-y", "-q"] + DPKG_OPTS + args)
+            secs = time.time() - t0
+            # dpkg says "Installing new version of config file X" when X was NOT changed locally (the package's new
+            # version is taken), and "Configuration file 'X'" + "Keeping old config file" when it was (--force-confold
+            # keeps the local one; the package's version lands as X.dpkg-dist). Measured live 2026-10-04 (debian_version).
+            conflict = None
+            for l in (out + err).splitlines():
+                m = re.search(r"Installing new version of config file (\S+?)\s*\.\.\.", l)
+                if m:
+                    log(f"os-apply: CONFFILE updated {m.group(1)} (it was not changed locally)")
+                m = re.search(r"Configuration file '([^']+)'", l)
+                if m:
+                    conflict = m.group(1)
+                if conflict and "Keeping old config file" in l:
+                    log(f"os-apply: CONFFILE kept {conflict} (changed locally; the package's version is {conflict}.dpkg-dist)")
+                    self.report.setdefault("conffiles_kept", []).append(conflict)
+                    conflict = None
+            self.x(["apt-get", "clean"])
+            if rc != 0:
+                _, aud, _ = self.x(["dpkg", "--audit"])
+                first = aud.strip().splitlines()[0] if aud.strip() else "clean"
+                log(f"os-apply: FAILED rc={rc} step=install — dpkg state: {first}")
+                self.report["failed"] = {"rc": rc, "dpkg_audit": first, "tail": (out + err).strip().splitlines()[-3:]}
+                return 3, None
+            self.report["upgraded"] = [{"name": n, "version": v} for n, v in upgrade]
+            self.report["seconds"] = round(secs, 1)
+            procs, reboot = self.restart_needed()
+            self.report["restart_needed"] = procs
+            self.report["docker_restart_needed"] = any(p in ("dockerd", "containerd") for p in procs)
+            self.report["reboot_needed"] = reboot
+            log(f"os-apply: DONE rc=0 seconds={secs:.1f} upgraded={len(upgrade)} restart-needed={','.join(procs) or '-'} reboot-needed={'yes' if reboot else 'no'}")
+            return 0, None
+        finally:
+            if from_snap:
+                self.remove_snapshot_sources()
+
+    def download_bytes(self, args):
+        rc, out, _ = self.x(APT_ENV + ["apt-get", "-s", "-o", "Debug::NoLocking=1", "--print-uris", "-q"] + args)
+        total = 0
+        for l in out.splitlines():
+            m = re.match(r"^'[^']+' \S+ ([0-9]+) ", l)
+            if m:
+                total += int(m.group(1))
+        return total
+
+    def add_snapshot_sources(self, snap):
+        rc, out, _ = self.x(["sh", "-c", ". /etc/os-release && echo $VERSION_CODENAME"])
+        code = out.strip()
+        if not re.match(r"^[a-z]+$", code):
+            raise Refused("R7", f"cannot read the {self.layer}'s Debian codename ({code!r})")
+        body = (f"deb [check-valid-until=no] http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/{snap} {code} main\n"
+                f"deb [check-valid-until=no] http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian-security/{snap} {code}-security main\n")
+        self.r.write_file(self.layer, self.vmid, SNAPSHOT_LIST, body)
+        self.r.log(f"os-apply: SNAPSHOT using snapshot.debian.org/{snap} for versions no longer published (decision 79)")
+        rc, out, err = self.x(APT_ENV + ["apt-get", "-q", "update"], timeout=600)
+        if rc != 0:
+            self.remove_snapshot_sources()
+            raise Refused("R7", "apt-get update against snapshot.debian.org failed")
+
+    def remove_snapshot_sources(self):
+        self.x(["rm", "-f", SNAPSHOT_LIST])
+        self.x(APT_ENV + ["apt-get", "-q", "update"], timeout=600)
+
+
+def main(argv, runner=None):
+    r = runner or Runner()
+    if len(argv) != 3 or argv[1] != "--plan":
+        r.log("os-apply: REFUSED: R1 usage: felhom-os-apply --plan /var/lib/felhom-agent/os/plan-<id>.json")
+        print("OSAPPLY-REPORT " + json.dumps({"refused": {"code": "R1", "reason": "usage"}}))
+        return 2
+    a = Apply(r, argv[2])
+    t0 = time.time()
+    try:
+        rc = a.run()
+    except Refused as e:
+        r.log(f"os-apply: REFUSED: {e.code} {e.reason}")
+        a.report["refused"] = {"code": e.code, "reason": e.reason}
+        rc = 2
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired as e:
+        r.log(f"os-apply: FAILED rc=124 step=timeout — {e.cmd}")
+        a.report["failed"] = {"rc": 124, "timeout": str(e.cmd)[:200]}
+        rc = 3
+    a.report["pass_seconds"] = round(time.time() - t0, 1)
+    print("OSAPPLY-REPORT " + json.dumps(a.report, sort_keys=True))
+    return rc
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if os.geteuid() != 0:
+        print("felhom-os-apply: must run as root (via sudo)", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(2)
+    sys.exit(main(sys.argv))

configs/test_felhom_crash_guard.py

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python3
+"""Tests for felhom-crash-guard (`11` §5.9). Temp dirs only; nothing real is touched. Red-proof seam: CRASHGUARD_UNDER_TEST."""
+import importlib.machinery
+import importlib.util
+import json
+import os
+import pathlib
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+
+HERE = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parent
+_loader = importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader("crashguard", os.environ.get("CRASHGUARD_UNDER_TEST", str(HERE / "felhom-crash-guard")))
+_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_loader("crashguard", _loader)
+cg = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_spec)
+_loader.exec_module(cg)
+
+T0 = 1791115200.0  # 2026-10-04T12:00:00Z
+
+
+class FakeEnv(cg.Env):
+    def __init__(self, d):
+        super().__init__(conf=os.path.join(d, "conf"), state_dir=os.path.join(d, "state"),
+                         panic_path=os.path.join(d, "panic"), uptime_path=os.path.join(d, "uptime"),
+                         boot_id_path=os.path.join(d, "bootid"))
+        self.t = T0
+        self.logs = []
+        open(self.panic_path, "w").write("0\n")
+        open(self.uptime_path, "w").write("20.00 10.00\n")
+
+    def now(self):
+        return self.t
+
+    def log(self, line):
+        self.logs.append(line)
+
+    def panic(self):
+        return int(open(self.panic_path).read())
+
+    def state(self):
+        return json.load(open(os.path.join(self.state_dir, "state.json")))
+
+
+class Guard(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.d = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
+        self.e = FakeEnv(self.d.name)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.d.cleanup()
+
+    def crash_boot(self, minutes_later):
+        self.e.t += minutes_later * 60
+        cg.main(["x", "boot"], self.e)  # no clean-stop before it: an unclean stop
+
+    def clean_reboot(self, minutes_later):
+        cg.main(["x", "clean-stop"], self.e)
+        self.e.t += minutes_later * 60
+        cg.main(["x", "boot"], self.e)
+
+    def test_first_boot_is_not_a_crash_and_arms(self):
+        cg.main(["x", "boot"], self.e)
+        s = self.e.state()
+        self.assertFalse(s["last_boot_unclean"])
+        self.assertEqual(self.e.panic(), 10)
+        self.assertTrue(s["armed"])
+
+    def test_clean_reboots_never_count(self):
+        cg.main(["x", "boot"], self.e)
+        for _ in range(5):
+            self.clean_reboot(1)
+        s = self.e.state()
+        self.assertEqual(s["unclean_boots_in_window"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(self.e.panic(), 10)
+
+    def test_third_crash_in_an_hour_leaves_the_box_off(self):
+        # operator's words: "if it crashes 3 times within one hour, it stays off" — after crash 2 the guard trips,
+        # so crash 3 (kernel.panic = 0) does not restart the box.
+        cg.main(["x", "boot"], self.e)
+        self.crash_boot(5)
+        self.assertEqual(self.e.panic(), 10, "one crash: still restarts")
+        self.crash_boot(5)
+        s = self.e.state()
+        self.assertTrue(s["tripped"], s)
+        self.assertEqual(self.e.panic(), 0, "after the 2nd crash boot the 3rd crash must leave the box off")
+        self.assertIn("2 unclean boots within 60 minutes", s["tripped_reason"])
+
+    def test_crashes_spread_over_more_than_the_window_do_not_trip(self):
+        cg.main(["x", "boot"], self.e)
+        self.crash_boot(5)
+        self.crash_boot(61)
+        self.assertFalse(self.e.state()["tripped"])
+        self.assertEqual(self.e.panic(), 10)
+
+    def test_tripped_stays_tripped_across_boots(self):
+        cg.main(["x", "boot"], self.e)
+        self.crash_boot(5)
+        self.crash_boot(5)
+        self.clean_reboot(30)  # the operator switched it on; even a clean boot keeps the trip
+        self.assertTrue(self.e.state()["tripped"])
+        self.assertEqual(self.e.panic(), 0)
+
+    def test_rearms_after_24h_of_normal_running(self):
+        cg.main(["x", "boot"], self.e)
+        self.crash_boot(5)
+        self.crash_boot(5)
+        self.e.t += 23 * 3600
+        cg.main(["x", "check"], self.e)
+        self.assertTrue(self.e.state()["tripped"], "not before 24 h")
+        self.e.t += 3600
+        cg.main(["x", "check"], self.e)
+        s = self.e.state()
+        self.assertFalse(s["tripped"])
+        self.assertEqual(self.e.panic(), 10)
+        self.assertIn("timer", s["rearmed_by"])
+
+    def test_operator_rearm_starts_a_fresh_window(self):
+        cg.main(["x", "boot"], self.e)
+        self.crash_boot(5)
+        self.crash_boot(5)
+        self.e.t += 60
+        cg.main(["x", "rearm"], self.e)
+        s = self.e.state()
+        self.assertFalse(s["tripped"])
+        self.assertEqual(s["rearmed_by"], "operator")
+        self.assertEqual(s["unclean_boots_24h"], 2, "the history stays")
+        self.crash_boot(5)
+        self.assertFalse(self.e.state()["tripped"], "one crash after a re-arm must not trip at once")
+
+    def test_config_numbers_are_read(self):
+        open(self.e.conf, "w").write("LIMIT=2\nPANIC_SECONDS=30\n")
+        cg.main(["x", "boot"], self.e)
+        self.assertEqual(self.e.panic(), 30)
+        self.crash_boot(1)
+        self.assertTrue(self.e.state()["tripped"], "LIMIT=2: the first crash boot trips")
+
+    def test_state_is_world_readable_for_the_agent(self):
+        cg.main(["x", "boot"], self.e)
+        mode = os.stat(os.path.join(self.e.state_dir, "state.json")).st_mode & 0o777
+        self.assertEqual(mode, 0o644)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

configs/test_felhom_os_apply.py

@@ -0,0 +1,936 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Tests for configs/felhom-os-apply (`11` §5.4.1). A fake runner plays the host and the guest: nothing is executed
+for real except the local `dpkg --compare-versions` (pure, no network). Every refusal R1–R13 has a test; the red-proof
+(each test fails when its rule is removed) is `audits/os-guest-lane-2026-10-04/partB/redproof.txt`.
+
+Run: python3 configs/test_felhom_os_apply.py   (also run by internal/osupdate's Go test)
+"""
+import importlib.machinery
+import importlib.util
+import json
+import os
+import pathlib
+import re
+import stat as statmod
+import subprocess
+import unittest
+
+HERE = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parent
+_loader = importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader("osapply", os.environ.get("OSAPPLY_UNDER_TEST", str(HERE / "felhom-os-apply")))  # red-proof seam
+_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_loader("osapply", _loader)
+osapply = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_spec)
+_loader.exec_module(osapply)
+
+PLAN = "/var/lib/felhom-agent/os/plan-t1.json"
+CONF_OK = ("arch: amd64\nmp0: local-lvm:vm-9201-disk-1,mp=/var/lib/felhom,backup=1,size=70G\n"
+           "mp8: /mnt/felhom-drives,mp=/mnt/felhom-drives\nrootfs: local-lvm:vm-9201-disk-0,size=32G\n")
+DEB = "Debian:13.7/stable"
+SEC = "Debian-Security:13/stable-security"
+
+
+def dpkg_cmp(a, op, b):
+    return subprocess.run(["dpkg", "--compare-versions", a, op, b]).returncode == 0
+
+
+class St:
+    def __init__(self, mode=statmod.S_IFREG | 0o600, uid=999, size=100):
+        self.st_mode, self.st_uid, self.st_size = mode, uid, size
+
+
+class Fake:
+    """The host + one guest. `installed` / `live` (name -> versions in the live archive) / `snapshot` (versions
+    the snapshot archive adds) / `extra_sim` (lines the simulation adds) / `dpkg_audit` / `free`."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.plan = {"release_id": "os-t1", "layer": "guest", "lane": "fast", "vmid": 9201, "mode": "apply",
+                     "snapshot": "20261004T080000Z",
+                     "packages": [{"name": "libc6", "version": "2.41-12+deb13u4", "origin": "Debian"},
+                                  {"name": "openssl", "version": "3.5.7-1~deb13u3", "origin": "Debian-Security"}]}
+        self.files = {"/etc/pve/lxc/9201.conf": CONF_OK}
+        self.stats = {PLAN: St()}
+        self.installed = {"libc6": "2.41-12+deb13u3", "openssl": "3.5.6-1~deb13u1", "bash": "5.2.37-2+b9"}
+        self.live = {"libc6": {"2.41-12+deb13u4"}, "openssl": {"3.5.7-1~deb13u3"}}
+        self.snapshot = {}
+        self.snap_active = False
+        self.extra_sim = []
+        self.dpkg_audit = ""
+        self.free = 10 * 1024 ** 3
+        self.install_rc = 0
+        self.calls = []
+        self.logs = []
+        self.written = {}
+        self.status = "status: running"
+        self.lock_held = False
+        self.services = {}
+        self.files[osapply.INSTALL_STATE] = json.dumps({"mode": "appliance"})
+        self.stats[osapply.INSTALL_STATE] = St(mode=statmod.S_IFREG | 0o644, uid=0)
+        # Docker / trust / facts state (v0.142.0)
+        self.live_restore = "true"
+        self.ids = ["aaa111", "bbb222"]
+        self.engine = "29.7.2"
+        self.daemon_json = '{"log-driver": "json-file"}'
+        self.reload_enables = True
+        self.sig_rc = 0
+        self.nonces = {}
+        self.clock = 1791115200.0  # 2026-10-04T12:00:00Z
+        self.files[osapply.TRUST_FILE] = json.dumps({"host_id": "demo-hp-bb76ea", "ring0_slow_lane": False})
+        self.stats[osapply.TRUST_FILE] = St(mode=statmod.S_IFREG | 0o644, uid=0)
+        self.files[osapply.TRUST_SIGNERS] = 'felhom-op-1 namespaces="felhom-op-v1" ssh-ed25519 AAAA\n'
+        self.stats[osapply.TRUST_SIGNERS] = St(mode=statmod.S_IFREG | 0o644, uid=0)
+
+    def now(self):
+        return self.clock
+
+    def sleep(self, s):
+        pass
+
+    def verify_sig(self, signers, key_id, ns, blob, sig):
+        self.verified = (signers, key_id, ns, blob, sig)
+        return self.sig_rc
+
+    def read_nonces(self):
+        return dict(self.nonces)
+
+    def write_nonces(self, d):
+        self.nonces = dict(d)
+
+    # Runner interface
+    def read_file(self, p):
+        if p == PLAN:
+            return json.dumps(self.plan)
+        if p not in self.files:
+            raise OSError("no such file")
+        return self.files[p]
+
+    def stat(self, p):
+        if p not in self.stats:
+            raise OSError("no such file")
+        return self.stats[p]
+
+    def agent_uid(self):
+        return 999
+
+    def log(self, line):
+        self.logs.append(line)
+
+    def host(self, argv, timeout=600, stdin=None):
+        self.calls.append(("host", argv))
+        if argv[0] == "/usr/sbin/pct" and argv[1] == "status":
+            return 0, self.status + "\n", ""
+        if argv[0] == "dpkg" and argv[1] == "--compare-versions":
+            return (0 if dpkg_cmp(argv[2], argv[3], argv[4]) else 1), "", ""
+        if argv[0] == "systemctl" and argv[1] == "is-active":
+            return 0, "\n".join(self.services.get(s, "active") for s in argv[2:]) + "\n", ""
+        return self.emulate(argv)
+
+    def write_file(self, layer, vmid, path, body):
+        self.written[path] = body
+        self.write_layer = layer
+        if path == osapply.SNAPSHOT_LIST:
+            self.snap_active = True
+
+    def avail(self, n):
+        v = set(self.live.get(n, set()))
+        if self.snap_active:
+            v |= self.snapshot.get(n, set())
+        return v
+
+    def guest(self, vmid, argv, timeout=1800):
+        self.calls.append(("guest", vmid, argv))
+        return self.emulate(argv)
+
+    def emulate(self, argv):
+        a = [x for x in argv if not re.match(r"^[A-Z_]+=", x) and x != "env"]
+        cmd = a[0]
+        if cmd == "dpkg-query":
+            return 0, "".join(f"{n}\t{v}\tii \n" for n, v in self.installed.items()), ""
+        if cmd == "dpkg" and a[1] == "--compare-versions":
+            return (0 if dpkg_cmp(a[2], a[3], a[4]) else 1), "", ""
+        if cmd == "dpkg" and a[1] == "--audit":
+            return 0, self.dpkg_audit, ""
+        if cmd == "dpkg" and a[1] == "--configure":
+            return 0, "", ""
+        if cmd == "fuser":
+            return (0, " 123", "") if self.lock_held else (1, "", "")
+        if cmd == "apt-cache" and a[1] == "madison":
+            self.madison_calls = getattr(self, "madison_calls", 0) + 1
+            return 0, "".join(f" {n} | {v} | http://deb.debian.org trixie/main amd64 Packages\n" for n in a[2:] for v in self.avail(n)), ""
+        if cmd == "apt-cache" and a[1] == "policy":
+            out = ""
+            for n in a[2:]:
+                out += f"{n}:\n  Installed: {self.installed.get(n)}\n  Version table:\n *** {self.installed.get(n)} 500\n        500 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 Packages\n"
+            return 0, out, ""
+        if cmd == "apt-get":
+            if "update" in a:
+                return 0, "", ""
+            if "clean" in a:
+                return 0, "", ""
+            if "-f" in a:
+                self.dpkg_audit = ""
+                return 0, "Setting up x (1) ...\n" if getattr(self, "repaired", False) else "", ""
+            if "-s" in a:
+                return self.sim(a)
+            if "install" in a:
+                if self.install_rc:
+                    return self.install_rc, "", "E: boom"
+                for x in a:
+                    if "=" in x and not x.startswith("-") and "::" not in x:
+                        n, v = x.split("=", 1)
+                        self.installed[n] = v
+                return 0, getattr(self, "install_out", "Setting up libc6 ...\n"), ""
+        if cmd == "df":
+            return 0, f"Avail\n{self.free}\n", ""
+        if cmd == "docker" and a[1] == "info":
+            return 0, self.live_restore + "\n", ""
+        if cmd == "docker" and a[1] == "version":
+            return 0, self.engine + "\n", ""
+        if cmd == "docker" and a[1:3] == ["ps", "-q"]:
+            return 0, "".join(i + "\n" for i in self.ids), ""
+        if cmd == "docker":
+            ids = self.ids + ["x"] * 2
+            return 0, f"felhom-controller\trunning\tUp 1 hour (healthy)\t{ids[0]}\napp\trunning\tUp 1 hour (healthy)\t{ids[1]}\n", ""
+        if cmd == "cat" and a[1] == osapply.DAEMON_JSON:
+            return (0, self.daemon_json, "") if self.daemon_json is not None else (1, "", "No such file")
+        if cmd == "cat" and a[1] == "/etc/debian_version":
+            return 0, "13.7\n", ""
+        if cmd == "uname":
+            return 0, "7.0.14-20-pve\n", ""
+        if cmd == "apt-mark":
+            return 0, getattr(self, "held", ""), ""
+        if cmd == "systemctl" and a[1] == "reload":
+            self.reloads = getattr(self, "reloads", 0) + 1
+            if self.reload_enables and '"live-restore": true' in self.written.get(osapply.DAEMON_JSON, ""):
+                self.live_restore = "true"
+            return 0, "", ""
+        if cmd == "systemctl" and a[1] == "restart":
+            self.restarted = True
+            return 0, "", ""
+        if cmd == "getent":
+            return 0, "1.2.3.4 deb.debian.org\n", ""
+        if cmd == "sh":
+            if "vmlinuz" in a[2]:
+                return 0, "/boot/vmlinuz-7.0.2-6-pve\n/boot/vmlinuz-7.0.14-20-pve\n", ""
+            if "engine=" in a[2]:
+                return 0, f"debian=13.7\nengine={self.engine}\ncontainerd=2.3.3-1~debian.13~trixie\nlive={self.live_restore}\n", ""
+            if "os-release" in a[2]:
+                return 0, "trixie\n", ""
+            if "(deleted)" in a[2]:
+                return 0, getattr(self, "restart_out", ""), ""
+            return 0, "", ""
+        if cmd == "rm":
+            self.snap_active = False
+            return 0, "", ""
+        return 1, "", f"unexpected guest call {a}"
+
+    def sim(self, a):
+        if "--print-uris" in a:
+            return 0, "'http://x/libc6.deb' libc6.deb 4000000 SHA256:x\n", ""
+        if "dist-upgrade" in a:
+            if getattr(self, "pending_sim", None) is not None and not getattr(self, "_pending_used", False):
+                self._pending_used = True
+                return 0, "\n".join(self.pending_sim) + "\n", ""
+            return 0, "Inst bash [5.2.37-2+b9] (5.2.37-2+b10 Debian:13.7/stable [amd64])\n", ""
+        out = ""
+        for x in a:
+            if "=" in x and not x.startswith("-") and "::" not in x:
+                n, v = x.split("=", 1)
+                if v not in self.avail(n):
+                    return 100, "", f"E: Version '{v}' for '{n}' was not found"
+                origin = "Docker CE:trixie" if n in osapply.DOCKER_NAMES else SEC if n == "openssl" else DEB
+                out += f"Inst {n} [{self.installed[n]}] ({v} {origin} [amd64])\n"
+        out += "".join(l + "\n" for l in self.extra_sim)
+        return 0, out, ""
+
+
+def run(f):
+    import io
+    import contextlib
+    buf = io.StringIO()
+    with contextlib.redirect_stdout(buf):
+        rc = osapply.main(["felhom-os-apply", "--plan", PLAN], runner=f)
+    line = [l for l in buf.getvalue().splitlines() if l.startswith("OSAPPLY-REPORT ")][-1]
+    return rc, json.loads(line[len("OSAPPLY-REPORT "):])
+
+
+class Happy(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_apply_installs_exactly_the_plan(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0, rep)
+        self.assertEqual(f.installed["libc6"], "2.41-12+deb13u4")
+        self.assertEqual(f.installed["openssl"], "3.5.7-1~deb13u3")
+        self.assertEqual(f.installed["bash"], "5.2.37-2+b9", "a package outside the plan was changed")
+        self.assertEqual(rep["plan"]["upgrade"], 2)
+        self.assertIn("installed", rep)
+        self.assertEqual(rep["pending"][0]["name"], "bash")
+        self.assertTrue(any(l.startswith("os-apply: REPAIR ") for l in f.logs), "the repair line must always print")
+        self.assertTrue(any(l.startswith("os-apply: DONE rc=0") for l in f.logs))
+        inst = [c for c in f.calls if c[0] == "guest" and "install" in c[2] and "-s" not in c[2] and "-f" not in c[2]]
+        self.assertTrue(inst and "Dpkg::Options::=--force-confold" in inst[0][2], "must keep existing config files")
+
+    def test_already_current_is_a_no_op(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.installed.update(libc6="2.41-12+deb13u4", openssl="3.5.7-1~deb13u3")
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(rep["plan"]["upgrade"], 0)
+
+    def test_inventory_installs_nothing(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["mode"] = "inventory"
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0, rep)
+        self.assertEqual(f.installed["libc6"], "2.41-12+deb13u3")
+        self.assertIn("installed", rep)
+
+    def test_health_mode(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["mode"] = "health"
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(rep["health"]["controller"], "healthy")
+
+
+class Repair(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_repair_runs_first_and_is_reported(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.dpkg_audit = "The following packages have been unpacked but not yet configured.\n perl  Larry Wall's\n"
+        f.repaired = True
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0, rep)
+        self.assertEqual(rep["repair"]["half_configured_before"], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(rep["repair"]["fixed"], 1)
+        order = [i for i, c in enumerate(f.calls) if c[0] == "guest" and c[2][-1:] != ["update"]]
+        first_cfg = next(i for i, c in enumerate(f.calls) if c[0] == "guest" and "--configure" in c[2])
+        first_upd = next(i for i, c in enumerate(f.calls) if c[0] == "guest" and "update" in c[2])
+        self.assertLess(first_cfg, first_upd, "the repair must run before anything else touches apt")
+        self.assertTrue(order)
+
+
+class Snapshot(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_a_replaced_version_comes_from_the_snapshot(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.live["openssl"] = {"3.5.7-1~deb13u4"}  # Debian moved on
+        f.snapshot["openssl"] = {"3.5.7-1~deb13u3"}
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0, rep)
+        self.assertEqual(rep["plan"]["from_snapshot"], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(f.installed["openssl"], "3.5.7-1~deb13u3", "must install the APPROVED version, not the newer one")
+        body = f.written[osapply.SNAPSHOT_LIST]
+        self.assertIn("snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20261004T080000Z trixie main", body)
+        self.assertIn("debian-security/20261004T080000Z trixie-security main", body)
+        self.assertFalse(f.snap_active, "the temporary snapshot sources must be removed after the run")
+
+    def test_snapshot_does_not_have_it_either(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.live["openssl"] = set()
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual((rc, rep["refused"]["code"]), (2, "R7"))
+        self.assertFalse(f.snap_active)
+
+
+class Refusals(unittest.TestCase):
+    def refused(self, f, code):
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 2, rep)
+        self.assertEqual(rep["refused"]["code"], code, rep)
+        self.assertTrue(any(l.startswith(f"os-apply: REFUSED: {code} ") for l in f.logs), f.logs)
+        inst = [c for c in f.calls if c[0] == "guest" and "install" in c[2] and "-s" not in c[2] and "-f" not in c[2]]
+        self.assertEqual(inst, [], "a refusal must install nothing")
+        return rep
+
+    def test_R1_usage(self):
+        import io
+        import contextlib
+        f = Fake()
+        with contextlib.redirect_stdout(io.StringIO()):
+            self.assertEqual(osapply.main(["felhom-os-apply", "--plan", PLAN, "--extra"], runner=f), 2)
+            self.assertEqual(osapply.main(["felhom-os-apply", "--plan"], runner=f), 2)
+
+    def test_R1_path_outside_the_plan_dir(self):
+        import io
+        import contextlib
+        f = Fake()
+        with contextlib.redirect_stdout(io.StringIO()):
+            rc = osapply.main(["felhom-os-apply", "--plan", "/tmp/plan-x.json"], runner=f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 2)
+        self.assertTrue(any("R1" in l for l in f.logs))
+
+    def test_R1_symlink(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.stats[PLAN] = St(mode=statmod.S_IFLNK | 0o777)
+        self.refused(f, "R1")
+
+    def test_R1_not_owned_by_the_agent(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.stats[PLAN] = St(uid=0)
+        self.refused(f, "R1")
+
+    def test_R2_non_debian_origin_in_the_plan(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["packages"][0]["origin"] = "Proxmox"
+        self.refused(f, "R2")
+
+    def test_R2_non_debian_origin_in_the_simulation(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.installed["libc6"] = "2.41-12+deb13u3"
+        orig = f.sim
+
+        def sim(a):
+            rc, out, err = orig(a)
+            return rc, out.replace("Debian:13.7/stable", "Proxmox Debian Repository:stable"), err
+        f.sim = sim
+        self.refused(f, "R2")
+
+    def test_R3_slow_lane(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["lane"] = "slow"
+        self.refused(f, "R3")
+
+    def test_R4_removal(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.extra_sim = ["Remv bash [5.2.37-2+b9]"]
+        self.refused(f, "R4")
+
+    def test_R5_downgrade(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.installed["libc6"] = "2.41-12+deb13u4"
+        f.plan["packages"] = [{"name": "openssl", "version": "3.5.7-1~deb13u3", "origin": "Debian-Security"}]
+        f.extra_sim = ["Inst openssl [3.5.6-1~deb13u1] (3.5.5-1 Debian:13.7/stable [amd64])"]
+        orig = f.sim
+
+        def sim(a):  # the simulation answers with a LOWER version than installed
+            rc, out, err = orig(a)
+            return rc, "\n".join(l for l in out.splitlines() if not l.startswith("Inst openssl [3.5.6-1~deb13u1] (3.5.7")) + "\n", err
+        f.sim = sim
+        f.plan["packages"][0]["version"] = "3.5.7-1~deb13u3"
+        rep = run(f)[1]
+        # The plan asks 3.5.7; the simulation goes to 3.5.5: that is BOTH a wrong version (R6) and a downgrade.
+        self.assertIn(rep["refused"]["code"], ("R5", "R6"))
+
+    def test_R5_downgrade_exact(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["packages"] = [{"name": "openssl", "version": "3.5.7-1~deb13u3", "origin": "Debian-Security"}]
+        f.installed["openssl"] = "3.5.6-1~deb13u1"
+        orig = f.sim
+
+        def sim(a):
+            rc, out, err = orig(a)
+            return rc, out.replace("[3.5.6-1~deb13u1]", "[3.5.8-1]"), err
+        f.sim = sim
+        self.refused(f, "R5")
+
+    def test_R6_new_package(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.extra_sim = ["Inst newthing (1.0 Debian:13.7/stable [amd64])"]
+        self.refused(f, "R6")
+
+    def test_R6_unlisted_package(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.extra_sim = ["Inst bash [5.2.37-2+b9] (5.2.37-2+b10 Debian:13.7/stable [amd64])"]
+        self.refused(f, "R6")
+
+    def test_R6_allow_new_is_slow_lane(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["allow_new"] = ["proxmox-kernel-x"]
+        self.refused(f, "R6")
+
+    def test_R7_not_downloadable_and_no_snapshot(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.live["openssl"] = set()
+        f.plan["snapshot"] = ""
+        self.refused(f, "R7")
+
+    def test_R8_free_space(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.free = 100 * 1024 * 1024
+        self.refused(f, "R8")
+
+    def test_R9_guest_locked_by_a_backup(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.files["/etc/pve/lxc/9201.conf"] = CONF_OK + "lock: backup\n"
+        self.refused(f, "R9")
+
+    def test_R9_apt_lock_held(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.lock_held = True
+        self.refused(f, "R9")
+
+    def test_R10_not_the_boxs_own_guest(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.files["/etc/pve/lxc/9201.conf"] = CONF_OK.replace("mp8: /mnt/felhom-drives,", "mp8: /mnt/hdd_1/scratch,")
+        self.refused(f, "R10")
+
+    def test_R10_reserved_vmid(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["vmid"] = 990003
+        self.refused(f, "R10")
+
+    def test_R10_bind_only_in_a_snapshot_section(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.files["/etc/pve/lxc/9201.conf"] = "rootfs: x\n[snap1]\nmp8: /mnt/felhom-drives,mp=/mnt/felhom-drives\n"
+        self.refused(f, "R10")
+
+    def test_R10_not_running(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.status = "status: stopped"
+        self.refused(f, "R10")
+
+    def test_R11_duplicate(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["packages"].append(dict(f.plan["packages"][0]))
+        self.refused(f, "R11")
+
+    def test_R11_bad_version_string(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["packages"][0]["version"] = "1.0; rm -rf /"
+        self.refused(f, "R11")
+
+    def test_R11_bad_name(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["packages"][0]["name"] = "--purge"
+        self.refused(f, "R11")
+
+    def test_R12_unknown_layer(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["layer"] = "vm"
+        self.refused(f, "R12")
+
+    def test_R12_host_on_a_byo_box(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["layer"] = "host"
+        f.files[osapply.INSTALL_STATE] = json.dumps({"mode": "byo"})
+        self.refused(f, "R12")
+
+    def test_R12_host_without_an_install_record(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["layer"] = "host"
+        del f.stats[osapply.INSTALL_STATE]
+        self.refused(f, "R12")
+
+    def test_R12_host_record_not_root_owned(self):
+        # the agent can write agent.json's deployment_mode; only a ROOT-owned record proves anything
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["layer"] = "host"
+        f.stats[osapply.INSTALL_STATE] = St(mode=statmod.S_IFREG | 0o644, uid=999)
+        self.refused(f, "R12")
+
+    def test_R14_kernel_package_in_a_host_plan(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["layer"] = "host"
+        f.plan["packages"].append({"name": "linux-image-amd64", "version": "6.12.1-1", "origin": "Debian"})
+        self.refused(f, "R14")
+
+    def test_R14_kernel_package_pulled_by_the_simulation(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["layer"] = "host"
+        f.extra_sim = ["Inst grub-common [2.12-9] (2.12-10 Debian:13.7/stable [amd64])"]
+        f.installed["grub-common"] = "2.12-9"
+        f.plan["packages"].append({"name": "grub-common", "version": "2.12-10", "origin": "Debian"})
+        self.refused(f, "R14")
+
+    def test_R13_repair_does_not_fix_it(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.dpkg_audit = "The following packages are broken\n perl\n"
+        orig = f.guest
+
+        def guest(vmid, argv, timeout=1800):
+            rc, out, err = orig(vmid, argv, timeout)
+            if "-f" in argv:
+                f.dpkg_audit = "The following packages are broken\n perl\n"
+            return rc, out, err
+        f.guest = guest
+        self.refused(f, "R13")
+
+
+class Conffiles(unittest.TestCase):
+    # dpkg's two shapes, measured live 2026-10-04: an unchanged file is UPDATED; a locally changed one is KEPT.
+    def test_updated_vs_kept(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.install_out = ("Installing new version of config file /etc/debian_version ...\n"
+                         "Configuration file '/etc/ssh/sshd_config'\n ==> Modified (by you or by a script) since installation.\n"
+                         " ==> Keeping old config file as default.\n")
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0, rep)
+        self.assertIn("os-apply: CONFFILE updated /etc/debian_version (it was not changed locally)", f.logs)
+        self.assertTrue(any(l.startswith("os-apply: CONFFILE kept /etc/ssh/sshd_config") for l in f.logs), f.logs)
+        self.assertEqual(rep["conffiles_kept"], ["/etc/ssh/sshd_config"])
+        self.assertFalse(any("kept /etc/debian_version" in l for l in f.logs), "an updated file must not be reported as kept")
+
+
+class HostLayer(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_host_runs_on_the_host_not_in_the_guest(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["layer"] = "host"
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0, rep)
+        inst = [c for c in f.calls if c[0] == "host" and "install" in c[1] and "-s" not in c[1] and "-f" not in c[1]]
+        self.assertTrue(inst, "the host install must run on the host")
+        self.assertFalse([c for c in f.calls if c[0] == "guest" and "install" in c[2]], "nothing installed in the guest")
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(rep["health_after"]["host_services"]), sorted(osapply.HOST_SERVICES))
+        self.assertTrue(rep["health_after"]["guest_running"])
+
+    def test_pending_fast_skips_proxmox_docker_and_kernel(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["layer"] = "host"
+        f.plan["select"] = "pending-fast"
+        f.plan["packages"] = []
+        f.installed.update({"pve-manager": "9.2.2", "linux-image-amd64": "6.12.1", "docker-ce": "29.7"})
+        f.pending_sim = [
+            "Inst libc6 [2.41-12+deb13u3] (2.41-12+deb13u4 Debian:13.7/stable [amd64])",
+            "Inst openssl [3.5.6-1~deb13u1] (3.5.7-1~deb13u3 Debian:13.7/stable, Debian-Security:13/stable-security [amd64])",
+            "Inst pve-manager [9.2.2] (9.2.21 Proxmox Debian Repository:stable [amd64])",
+            "Inst linux-image-amd64 [6.12.1] (6.12.9 Debian:13.7/stable [amd64])",
+            "Inst docker-ce [29.7] (29.8 Docker CE:trixie [amd64])",
+            "Inst brand-new (1.0 Debian:13.7/stable [amd64])",
+        ]
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0, rep)
+        got = sorted(u["name"] for u in rep["upgraded"])
+        self.assertEqual(got, ["libc6", "openssl"], "pending-fast must take only installed, Debian-origin, non-kernel packages")
+
+    def test_reboot_needed_when_pid1_or_lxc_start(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["layer"] = "host"
+        f.restart_out = "1 systemd\n2101 lxc-start\n530 sshd\n"
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0, rep)
+        self.assertTrue(rep["reboot_needed"])
+        self.assertIn("lxc-start", rep["restart_needed"])
+
+    def test_reboot_needed_for_lxc_start_alone(self):
+        # lxc-start runs the guest; only a guest restart (or a host reboot) replaces it
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["layer"] = "host"
+        f.restart_out = "2101 lxc-start\n530 sshd\n"
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertTrue(rep["reboot_needed"], rep)
+
+    def test_every_layer_scans_every_pass(self):
+        # R-849 (v0.142.0): host AND guest are scanned on every pass, so a reboot / restart clears the flag.
+        for layer in ("host", "guest"):
+            f = Fake()
+            f.plan["layer"] = layer
+            f.plan["mode"] = "inventory"
+            f.restart_out = "2101 lxc-start\n" if layer == "host" else "1 systemd\n"
+            rc, rep = run(f)
+            self.assertEqual(rc, 0, rep)
+            self.assertTrue(rep["reboot_scanned"] and rep["reboot_needed"], (layer, rep))
+            f = Fake()
+            f.plan["layer"] = layer
+            f.plan["mode"] = "inventory"
+            f.restart_out = ""
+            rc, rep = run(f)
+            self.assertTrue(rep["reboot_scanned"] and rep["reboot_needed"] is False, (layer, rep))
+
+    def test_no_reboot_for_ordinary_daemons(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["layer"] = "host"
+        f.restart_out = "530 sshd\n611 cron\n"
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertFalse(rep["reboot_needed"], rep)
+
+
+class Speed(unittest.TestCase):
+    # R-845: no `pct exec` per package — version checks on the host, madison once, the restart scan only after an install.
+    def test_no_per_package_guest_calls(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        for i in range(40):
+            f.installed[f"pkg{i}"] = "1.0-1"
+            f.live[f"pkg{i}"] = {"1.0-2"}
+            f.plan["packages"].append({"name": f"pkg{i}", "version": "1.0-2", "origin": "Debian"})
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0, rep)
+        guest_cmp = [c for c in f.calls if c[0] == "guest" and "--compare-versions" in c[2]]
+        self.assertEqual(guest_cmp, [], "version comparisons must run on the host")
+        self.assertEqual(f.madison_calls, 1, "madison must run once for all packages")
+        guest_calls = len([c for c in f.calls if c[0] == "guest"])
+        self.assertLess(guest_calls, 30, f"{guest_calls} guest calls for 42 packages — something is per-package again")
+
+
+class Failure(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_install_failure_is_rc3_with_dpkg_state(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.install_rc = 100
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(rep["failed"]["rc"], 100)
+        self.assertTrue(any(l.startswith("os-apply: FAILED rc=100 step=install") for l in f.logs))
+
+
+
+class RestartSkipPattern(unittest.TestCase):
+    """The cgroup filter runs as `grep -q PATTERN /proc/<pid>/cgroup`; check it with grep itself against the cgroup
+    lines measured on demo-felhom 2026-10-04."""
+
+    def grep(self, pattern, line):
+        return subprocess.run(["grep", "-q", pattern], input=line + "\n", text=True).returncode == 0
+
+    def test_restart_skip_patterns_against_real_cgroups(self):
+        host = osapply.RESTART_SKIP_CGROUP["host"]
+        self.assertTrue(self.grep(host, "0::/lxc/9201/ns/system.slice/docker.service"), "a guest process must be skipped")
+        self.assertFalse(self.grep(host, "0::/lxc.monitor/9201"), "lxc-start must NOT be skipped (it runs the guest)")
+        self.assertFalse(self.grep(host, "0::/system.slice/pve-cluster.service"), "a host daemon must NOT be skipped")
+        guest = osapply.RESTART_SKIP_CGROUP["guest"]
+        self.assertTrue(self.grep(guest, "0::/system.slice/docker-0123abcd.scope"))
+        self.assertFalse(self.grep(guest, "0::/system.slice/cron.service"))
+
+
+DOCKER_SET = [{"name": "docker-ce", "version": "5:29.8.2-1~debian.13~trixie", "origin": "Docker CE"},
+              {"name": "containerd.io", "version": "2.3.6-1~debian.13~trixie", "origin": "Docker CE"}]
+
+
+def docker_fake(signed=None, undo=False, ring0=False):
+    f = Fake()
+    f.installed.update({"docker-ce": "5:29.7.2-1~debian.13~trixie", "containerd.io": "2.3.3-1~debian.13~trixie"})
+    f.live["docker-ce"] = {"5:29.8.2-1~debian.13~trixie", "5:29.7.2-1~debian.13~trixie"}
+    f.live["containerd.io"] = {"2.3.6-1~debian.13~trixie", "2.3.3-1~debian.13~trixie"}
+    f.plan = {"release_id": "os-docker-t1", "layer": "docker", "lane": "slow", "vmid": 9201, "mode": "apply",
+              "packages": [dict(p) for p in DOCKER_SET]}
+    if undo:
+        f.plan["undo"] = True
+    if ring0:
+        f.files[osapply.TRUST_FILE] = json.dumps({"host_id": "demo-hp-bb76ea", "ring0_slow_lane": True})
+    if signed is not None:
+        f.plan["signed"] = signed
+    return f
+
+
+def signed_job(packages=DOCKER_SET, host="demo-hp-bb76ea", op="os_docker_step", undo=False, nonce="n1",
+               issued="2026-10-04T11:50:00Z", expires="2026-10-04T12:30:00Z"):
+    import base64
+    params = {"packages": packages, "undo": undo}
+    blob = json.dumps({"expires_at": expires, "issued_at": issued, "key_id": "felhom-op-1", "nonce": nonce, "op": op,
+                       "params": params, "target": {"guest_id": "", "host_id": host}}, sort_keys=True).encode()
+    return {"blob_b64": base64.b64encode(blob).decode(), "sig": "-----BEGIN SSH SIGNATURE-----\nx\n-----END SSH SIGNATURE-----\n"}
+
+
+class DockerLane(unittest.TestCase):
+    """`11` §5.8, agent v0.142.0. Each test names the refusal it pins; the red-proof file mutates each one."""
+
+    def refused(self, f, code):
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 2, rep)
+        self.assertEqual(rep["refused"]["code"], code, rep)
+        self.assertEqual(f.installed.get("docker-ce", "5:29.7.2-1~debian.13~trixie"), "5:29.7.2-1~debian.13~trixie")
+        return rep
+
+    def test_docker_package_in_a_fast_plan_is_refused(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan["packages"].append({"name": "docker-ce", "version": "5:29.8.2-1~debian.13~trixie", "origin": "Debian"})
+        self.refused(f, "R2")
+
+    def test_docker_layer_in_the_fast_lane_is_refused(self):
+        f = docker_fake(ring0=True)
+        f.plan["lane"] = "fast"
+        self.refused(f, "R3")
+
+    def test_no_authority_is_refused(self):
+        self.refused(docker_fake(), "R3")
+
+    def test_ring0_mark_allows_pending_docker(self):
+        f = docker_fake(ring0=True)
+        f.plan["select"], f.plan["packages"] = "pending-docker", []
+        f.pending_sim = ["Inst docker-ce [5:29.7.2-1~debian.13~trixie] (5:29.8.2-1~debian.13~trixie Docker CE:trixie [amd64])",
+                         "Inst containerd.io [2.3.3-1~debian.13~trixie] (2.3.6-1~debian.13~trixie Docker CE:trixie [amd64])",
+                         "Inst bash [5.2.37-2+b9] (5.2.37-2+b10 Debian:13.7/stable [amd64])"]
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0, rep)
+        self.assertEqual(rep["authority"], "ring0")
+        self.assertEqual(f.installed["docker-ce"], "5:29.8.2-1~debian.13~trixie")
+        self.assertEqual(f.installed["bash"], "5.2.37-2+b9", "a Debian package must not ride a Docker step")
+        self.assertFalse(getattr(f, "restarted", False), "never a docker restart")
+
+    def test_signed_job_applies_exactly_its_packages(self):
+        f = docker_fake(signed=signed_job())
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0, rep)
+        self.assertEqual(rep["authority"], "signed")
+        self.assertEqual(f.installed["containerd.io"], "2.3.6-1~debian.13~trixie")
+        self.assertEqual(f.verified[0], osapply.TRUST_SIGNERS, "the ROOT-OWNED signers file, not the agent's config")
+        self.assertIn("n1", f.nonces)
+
+    def test_bad_signature_is_refused(self):
+        f = docker_fake(signed=signed_job())
+        f.sig_rc = 255
+        self.refused(f, "R3")
+        self.assertEqual(f.nonces, {}, "a bad signature must not burn a nonce")
+
+    def test_signed_job_for_another_host_is_refused(self):
+        self.refused(docker_fake(signed=signed_job(host="demo-felhom-8363b5")), "R3")
+
+    def test_signed_job_other_op_is_refused(self):
+        self.refused(docker_fake(signed=signed_job(op="agent_update")), "R3")
+
+    def test_expired_signed_job_is_refused(self):
+        self.refused(docker_fake(signed=signed_job(expires="2026-10-04T11:55:00Z")), "R3")
+
+    def test_replayed_signed_job_is_refused(self):
+        f = docker_fake(signed=signed_job())
+        f.nonces = {"n1": f.clock + 600}
+        self.refused(f, "R3")
+
+    def test_plan_must_equal_the_signed_packages(self):
+        f = docker_fake(signed=signed_job(packages=DOCKER_SET[:1]))
+        self.refused(f, "R3")
+
+    def test_agent_writable_trust_file_is_refused(self):
+        f = docker_fake(ring0=True)
+        f.stats[osapply.TRUST_FILE] = St(mode=statmod.S_IFREG | 0o644, uid=999)
+        self.refused(f, "R3")
+
+    def test_live_restore_off_is_refused(self):
+        f = docker_fake(signed=signed_job())
+        f.live_restore = "false"
+        self.refused(f, "R15")
+
+    def test_undo_needs_a_signed_job(self):
+        self.refused(docker_fake(undo=True, ring0=True), "R3")
+
+    def test_signed_undo_downgrades(self):
+        old = [{"name": "docker-ce", "version": "5:29.7.2-1~debian.13~trixie", "origin": "Docker CE"}]
+        f = docker_fake(signed=signed_job(packages=old, undo=True), undo=True)
+        f.plan["packages"] = [dict(p) for p in old]
+        f.installed["docker-ce"] = "5:29.8.2-1~debian.13~trixie"
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0, rep)
+        self.assertEqual(f.installed["docker-ce"], "5:29.7.2-1~debian.13~trixie")
+        self.assertTrue(rep["undo"])
+
+    def test_unsigned_downgrade_is_refused(self):
+        f = docker_fake(ring0=True)
+        f.plan["packages"] = [{"name": "docker-ce", "version": "5:29.6.0-1~debian.13~trixie", "origin": "Docker CE"}]
+        f.live["docker-ce"].add("5:29.6.0-1~debian.13~trixie")
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rep["plan"]["upgrade"], 0, "an older version on an unsigned step is 'already', never installed")
+
+    def test_health_carries_container_ids(self):
+        f = docker_fake(signed=signed_job())
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rep["health_after"]["containers"]["app"]["id"], "bbb222")
+        self.assertEqual(rep["docker_engine"], "29.7.2")
+
+
+class LiveRestore(unittest.TestCase):
+    def lr(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.plan = {"release_id": "lr", "layer": "guest", "lane": "fast", "vmid": 9201, "mode": "live-restore-on", "packages": []}
+        f.live_restore = "false"
+        return f
+
+    def test_turns_it_on_with_a_reload_never_a_restart(self):
+        f = self.lr()
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0, rep)
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(f.written[osapply.DAEMON_JSON]), {"log-driver": "json-file", "live-restore": True})
+        self.assertEqual(f.reloads, 1)
+        self.assertFalse(getattr(f, "restarted", False))
+        self.assertEqual(rep["live_restore"]["result"], "on")
+        self.assertTrue(rep["live_restore"]["same_ids"])
+
+    def test_already_on_writes_nothing(self):
+        f = self.lr()
+        f.live_restore = "true"
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
+        self.assertNotIn(osapply.DAEMON_JSON, f.written)
+
+    def test_invalid_daemon_json_is_left_alone(self):
+        f = self.lr()
+        f.daemon_json = "{not json"
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rep["refused"]["code"], "R16")
+        self.assertNotIn(osapply.DAEMON_JSON, f.written)
+
+    def test_reload_that_does_not_enable_puts_the_file_back(self):
+        f = self.lr()
+        f.reload_enables = False
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 3, rep)
+        self.assertEqual(f.written[osapply.DAEMON_JSON], '{"log-driver": "json-file"}')
+        self.assertFalse(getattr(f, "restarted", False))
+
+
+class Facts(unittest.TestCase):
+    def facts(self, f=None):
+        f = f or Fake()
+        f.plan = {"release_id": "facts", "layer": "host", "lane": "fast", "vmid": 9201, "mode": "facts", "packages": []}
+        rc, rep = run(f)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0, rep)
+        return f, rep["facts"]
+
+    def test_reads_host_and_guest(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.files["/proc/sys/kernel/tainted"] = "4225\n"  # 4096 + 128 (D: oops) + 1
+        f.files["/proc/sys/kernel/panic"] = "10\n"
+        f.held = "tzdata\n"
+        f.files["/etc/default/grub"] = "GRUB_DEFAULT=saved\n"
+        f.files["/boot/grub/grubenv"] = "# GRUB Environment Block\nsaved_entry=gnulinux-advanced-x>gnulinux-7.0.14-20-pve-advanced-x\n"
+        _, fa = self.facts(f)
+        h, g = fa["host"], fa["guest"]
+        self.assertEqual((h["debian"], h["kernel_running"], h["kernel_next_boot"]), ("13.7", "7.0.14-20-pve", "7.0.14-20-pve"))
+        self.assertEqual(h["held"], ["tzdata"])
+        self.assertTrue(h["oops_this_boot"])
+        self.assertEqual(h["kernel_panic"], 10)
+        self.assertEqual((g["debian"], g["docker_engine"], g["live_restore"]), ("13.7", "29.7.2", "on"))
+        self.assertEqual(g["containerd"], "2.3.3-1~debian.13~trixie")
+
+    def test_next_entry_wins_and_default_zero_is_the_newest(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.files["/etc/default/grub"] = "GRUB_DEFAULT=saved\n"
+        f.files["/boot/grub/grubenv"] = "saved_entry=gnulinux-advanced-x>gnulinux-7.0.2-6-pve-advanced-x\nnext_entry=gnulinux-advanced-x>gnulinux-7.0.14-20-pve-advanced-x\n"
+        _, fa = self.facts(f)
+        self.assertEqual(fa["host"]["kernel_next_boot"], "7.0.14-20-pve")
+        self.assertIn("next_entry", fa["host"]["kernel_next_boot_source"])
+        f = Fake()
+        f.files["/etc/default/grub"] = "GRUB_DEFAULT=0\n"
+        _, fa = self.facts(f)
+        self.assertEqual(fa["host"]["kernel_next_boot"], "7.0.14-20-pve", "dpkg order, not string order (7.0.2 < 7.0.14)")
+
+    def test_stopped_guest_is_unknown_never_guessed(self):
+        f = Fake()
+        f.status = "status: stopped"
+        _, fa = self.facts(f)
+        self.assertEqual(fa["guest"]["docker_engine"], "unknown")
+        self.assertIn("R10", fa["guest"]["unknown_reason"])
+        self.assertEqual(fa["host"]["tainted"], None, "unreadable -> None, not 0")
+
+
+class RealSignatureCheck(unittest.TestCase):
+    """The REAL Runner.verify_sig with the real ssh-keygen and a throwaway key, in the installer's allowed_signers form
+    (`<key_id> namespaces="felhom-op-v1" <type> <b64> <comment>`). Nothing leaves the temp dir."""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        import shutil
+        if not shutil.which("ssh-keygen"):
+            self.skipTest("ssh-keygen not available")
+        import tempfile
+        self.d = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.key = os.path.join(self.d, "k")
+        subprocess.run(["ssh-keygen", "-q", "-t", "ed25519", "-N", "", "-C", "felhom-op-1", "-f", self.key], check=True)
+        pub = open(self.key + ".pub").read().strip()
+        self.signers = os.path.join(self.d, "signers")
+        open(self.signers, "w").write(f'felhom-op-1 namespaces="felhom-op-v1" {pub}\n')
+
+    def sign(self, blob, ns="felhom-op-v1"):
+        bp = os.path.join(self.d, "blob")
+        open(bp, "wb").write(blob)
+        if os.path.exists(bp + ".sig"):
+            os.remove(bp + ".sig")  # ssh-keygen -Y sign asks before overwriting (it would wait on stdin)
+        subprocess.run(["ssh-keygen", "-q", "-Y", "sign", "-f", self.key, "-n", ns, bp], check=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, timeout=30)
+        return open(bp + ".sig").read()
+
+    def test_good_signature_verifies(self):
+        blob = b'{"op":"os_docker_step"}'
+        self.assertEqual(osapply.Runner().verify_sig(self.signers, "felhom-op-1", "felhom-op-v1", blob, self.sign(blob)), 0)
+
+    def test_changed_blob_wrong_namespace_or_wrong_principal_fail(self):
+        blob = b'{"op":"os_docker_step"}'
+        sig = self.sign(blob)
+        r = osapply.Runner()
+        self.assertNotEqual(r.verify_sig(self.signers, "felhom-op-1", "felhom-op-v1", blob + b" ", sig), 0)
+        self.assertNotEqual(r.verify_sig(self.signers, "someone-else", "felhom-op-v1", blob, sig), 0)
+        self.assertNotEqual(r.verify_sig(self.signers, "felhom-op-1", "felhom-op-v1", blob, self.sign(blob, ns="other-ns")), 0)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

internal/backup/backup_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package backup
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"io"
@@ -21,6 +22,8 @@ type fakeBackupAPI struct {
 	vzdumpErr  error
 	waitErr    error
 	cfg        proxmox.GuestConfig
+	goneGuests map[int]bool // R-689: vmids whose config lookup answers "does not exist"
+	aclGuests  map[int]bool // R-689: vmids outside the token's ACL — PVE answers 403 "permission denied"
 	cfgErr     error
 	content    []proxmox.StorageContent
 	contentErr error
@@ -43,7 +46,13 @@ func (f *fakeBackupAPI) WaitTask(_ context.Context, _ string, _ proxmox.WaitOpti
 	}
 	return proxmox.TaskStatus{Status: "stopped", ExitStatus: "OK"}, f.waitErr
 }
-func (f *fakeBackupAPI) GuestConfig(_ context.Context, _ int) (proxmox.GuestConfig, error) {
+func (f *fakeBackupAPI) GuestConfig(_ context.Context, vmid int) (proxmox.GuestConfig, error) {
+	if f.aclGuests[vmid] {
+		return proxmox.GuestConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("proxmox: GET /nodes/n/lxc/%d/config -> HTTP 403: permission denied at /vms/%d (missing privilege VM.Audit)", vmid, vmid)
+	}
+	if f.goneGuests[vmid] { // R-689: PVE's answer for a deleted guest
+		return proxmox.GuestConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("proxmox: GET /nodes/n/lxc/%d/config -> HTTP 500: Configuration file 'nodes/n/lxc/%d.conf' does not exist", vmid, vmid)
+	}
 	return f.cfg, f.cfgErr
 }
 func (f *fakeBackupAPI) StorageContent(_ context.Context, _ string) ([]proxmox.StorageContent, error) {
@@ -150,13 +159,14 @@ func TestBackup_VzdumpFailureReturnsFailedRecord(t *testing.T) {
 func TestPickRestoreCandidate_NewestOrEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	const big = 4 << 30 // a plausible whole-guest archive
 	api := &fakeBackupAPI{content: []proxmox.StorageContent{
-		{VolID: "a", Content: "backup", CTime: 10, Size: big},
-		{VolID: "b", Content: "backup", CTime: 99, Size: big},
+		// R-689: real vzdump names with their vmid — only a backup OF A GUEST is a candidate.
+		{VolID: "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9001-a.tar.zst", VMID: 9001, Content: "backup", CTime: 10, Size: big},
+		{VolID: "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9001-b.tar.zst", VMID: 9001, Content: "backup", CTime: 99, Size: big},
 		{VolID: "iso", Content: "iso", CTime: 999, Size: big}, // not a backup → ignored
 	}}
 	r := NewBackupRunner(api, "local", "", "", "", quiet())
 	vol, err := r.PickRestoreCandidate(context.Background())
-	if err != nil || vol != "b" {
+	if err != nil || vol != "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9001-b.tar.zst" {
 		t.Fatalf("pick = %q,%v want newest 'b'", vol, err)
 	}
 	// no backups → "".
@@ -176,12 +186,12 @@ func TestPickRestoreCandidate_NewestOrEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 // `pick = "phantom" want the newest COMPLETE archive 'real'`.
 func TestPickRestoreCandidate_SkipsImplausibleArchives(t *testing.T) {
 	api := &fakeBackupAPI{content: []proxmox.StorageContent{
-		{VolID: "real", Content: "backup", CTime: 10, Size: 4 << 30},
-		{VolID: "phantom", Content: "backup", CTime: 99, Size: 1}, // newest, and impossible
+		{VolID: "felhom-pbs:backup/ct/9001/real", VMID: 9001, Content: "backup", CTime: 10, Size: 4 << 30},
+		{VolID: "felhom-pbs:backup/ct/9001/phantom", VMID: 9001, Content: "backup", CTime: 99, Size: 1}, // newest, and impossible
 	}}
 	r := NewBackupRunner(api, "local", "", "", "", quiet())
 	vol, err := r.PickRestoreCandidate(context.Background())
-	if err != nil || vol != "real" {
+	if err != nil || vol != "felhom-pbs:backup/ct/9001/real" {
 		t.Fatalf("pick = %q,%v want the newest COMPLETE archive 'real'", vol, err)
 	}
 }

internal/backup/r689_golden_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package backup
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/proxmox"
+)
+
+// R-689 (v0.135.0) — demo-hp keeps its golden template in `local:backup/`. It is content "backup",
+// 654 MB and so "plausibly complete", and it was the newest SETTLED entry: the restore test picked it
+// every 6 h and failed extractconfig with a 403 (measured 2026-09-24 10:36, 09-25 04:57 and 10:57),
+// while the guest's own archive — younger than the 24 h settle — went untested and nothing was proven.
+//
+// COMPANION RED-PROOF (REPORT.md): drop the guestBackupArchive call from PickSettledRestoreCandidateOn —
+// this test then picks `local:backup/felhom-golden-0.236.0.tar.zst`.
+func TestR689_TheRestoreTestNeverPicksTheGolden(t *testing.T) {
+	const day = int64(86400)
+	now := int64(1790370000) // 2026-09-25 ~19:00Z
+	api := &fakeBackupAPI{content: []proxmox.StorageContent{
+		// the guest's real archive, settled (older than the cutoff below)
+		{VolID: "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9201-2026_09_22-21_59_25.tar.zst", Content: "backup", VMID: 9201, Size: 8 << 30, CTime: now - 3*day},
+		// the golden: newer, settled, big, and NOT a backup of a guest
+		{VolID: "local:backup/felhom-golden-0.236.0.tar.zst", Content: "backup", Size: 654115664, CTime: now - 2*day},
+		// a hand-copied tarball that PVE happens to attribute to a vmid — the name is not a vzdump's
+		{VolID: "local:backup/copy-of-9201.tar.zst", Content: "backup", VMID: 9201, Size: 8 << 30, CTime: now - 2*day},
+	}}
+	r := NewBackupRunner(api, "local", proxmox.ModeSnapshot, "", "keep-last=1", quiet())
+	got, _, err := r.PickSettledRestoreCandidateOn(context.Background(), "local", time.Unix(now-day, 0).UTC())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9201-2026_09_22-21_59_25.tar.zst" {
+		t.Fatalf("picked %q — the restore test must prove a backup OF A GUEST", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestR689_GuestBackupArchiveShapes(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		e  proxmox.StorageContent
+		ok bool
+	}{
+		{proxmox.StorageContent{VolID: "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9201-2026_09_24-21_59_25.tar.zst", VMID: 9201}, true},
+		{proxmox.StorageContent{VolID: "local:backup/vzdump-qemu-300-2026_09_24-21_59_25.vma.zst", VMID: 300}, true},
+		{proxmox.StorageContent{VolID: "felhom-pbs:backup/ct/9201/2026-07-28T05:31:14Z", VMID: 9201}, true},
+		{proxmox.StorageContent{VolID: "felhom-pbs:backup/vm/300/2026-07-28T05:31:14Z", VMID: 300}, true},
+		{proxmox.StorageContent{VolID: "local:backup/felhom-golden-0.236.0.tar.zst"}, false},
+		{proxmox.StorageContent{VolID: "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9201-x.tar.zst", VMID: 9202}, false}, // vmid disagrees with the name
+		{proxmox.StorageContent{VolID: "felhom-pbs:backup/ct/9201/2026-07-28T05:31:14Z"}, false},       // no vmid reported
+	} {
+		if ok, why := guestBackupArchive(c.e); ok != c.ok {
+			t.Errorf("%s vmid=%d: ok=%v (%s), want %v", c.e.VolID, c.e.VMID, ok, why, c.ok)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// R-689 (v0.136.0) — the measured demo-hp shape right after v0.135.0: the golden (skipped), a leftover archive
+// of guest 9100 deleted in August (settled), and today's archive of 9201 (not settled yet). The pick must be
+// NOTHING — never the deleted guest's archive. With 9201's archive settled, that one.
+//
+// COMPANION RED-PROOF (REPORT.md): drop the known-guest check — the pick is the 9100 leftover.
+func TestR689_AnArchiveOfADeletedGuestIsNeverPicked(t *testing.T) {
+	const day = int64(86400)
+	now := int64(1790476000)
+	api := &fakeBackupAPI{goneGuests: map[int]bool{9100: true}, content: []proxmox.StorageContent{
+		{VolID: "local:backup/felhom-golden-0.236.0.tar.zst", Content: "backup", Size: 654115664, CTime: now - 14*day},
+		{VolID: "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9100-2026_08_21-17_59_15.tar.zst", Content: "backup", VMID: 9100, Size: 656970239, CTime: now - 37*day},
+		{VolID: "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9201-2026_09_27-04_35_47.tar.zst", Content: "backup", VMID: 9201, Size: 8 << 30, CTime: now - 7*3600},
+	}}
+	r := NewBackupRunner(api, "local", proxmox.ModeSnapshot, "", "keep-last=1", quiet())
+	got, _, err := r.PickSettledRestoreCandidateOn(context.Background(), "local", time.Unix(now-day, 0).UTC())
+	if err != nil || got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("picked %q err=%v — a deleted guest's archive proves nothing about this box", got, err)
+	}
+	got, _, _ = r.PickSettledRestoreCandidateOn(context.Background(), "local", time.Unix(now, 0).UTC())
+	if got != "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9201-2026_09_27-04_35_47.tar.zst" {
+		t.Fatalf("with 9201's archive settled the pick is %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// Any OTHER lookup failure is not "the guest is gone": the tier must read UNKNOWN (an error), never
+// "nothing to prove".
+func TestR689_AGuestLookupFailureIsUnknownNotEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	api := &fakeBackupAPI{cfgErr: fmt.Errorf("proxmox: connection refused"), content: []proxmox.StorageContent{
+		{VolID: "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9201-x.tar.zst", Content: "backup", VMID: 9201, Size: 8 << 30, CTime: 10},
+	}}
+	r := NewBackupRunner(api, "local", proxmox.ModeSnapshot, "", "keep-last=1", quiet())
+	if _, _, err := r.PickSettledRestoreCandidateOn(context.Background(), "local", time.Time{}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a failed guest lookup read as a clean answer")
+	}
+}
+
+// v0.137.0 — THE MEASURED ANSWER: the agent's token sees only its pool, so for the deleted guest PVE says 403
+// "permission denied at /vms/9100", not "does not exist" (demo-hp, right after v0.136.0 — the local tier read
+// UNKNOWN). Such a guest is not one this agent manages: its archive is skipped, the tier is not an error.
+//
+// COMPANION RED-PROOF (REPORT.md): drop the "permission denied" case — the pick errors.
+func TestR689_AGuestOutsideTheAgentsACLIsNotAKnownGuest(t *testing.T) {
+	const day = int64(86400)
+	now := int64(1790476000)
+	api := &fakeBackupAPI{aclGuests: map[int]bool{9100: true}, content: []proxmox.StorageContent{
+		{VolID: "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9100-2026_08_21-17_59_15.tar.zst", Content: "backup", VMID: 9100, Size: 656970239, CTime: now - 37*day},
+		{VolID: "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9201-2026_09_27-04_35_47.tar.zst", Content: "backup", VMID: 9201, Size: 8 << 30, CTime: now - 7*3600},
+	}}
+	r := NewBackupRunner(api, "local", proxmox.ModeSnapshot, "", "keep-last=1", quiet())
+	got, _, err := r.PickSettledRestoreCandidateOn(context.Background(), "local", time.Unix(now-day, 0).UTC())
+	if err != nil || got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("picked %q err=%v — want nothing and no error (the only settled archive is not ours)", got, err)
+	}
+}

internal/backup/r727_own_archives_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package backup
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/proxmox"
+)
+
+const (
+	thisBoxKey  = "de:51:7a:18:cb:39:22:30:2c:84:f5:8b:d1:91:4b:7e:81:bb:69:b8:89:0f:57:ac:d3:59:e1:1a:62:25:11:2c"
+	earlierBox1 = "6b:ca:5f:3f:ca:0f:e2:3f:fb:24:62:89:bf:e7:64:59:9a:41:c5:e6:e3:9f:3f:5f:e1:71:7b:a1:9d:24:67:82"
+	earlierBox2 = "fe:3d:db:95:d4:df:ab:e1:7d:4a:89:fa:2b:07:53:6a:e4:d2:85:95:d1:90:27:4b:d9:c6:92:20:95:04:e5:d4"
+)
+
+// R-727 (v0.138.0) — the 2026-09-30 shape, measured on a fresh box for a returning customer: the PBS
+// namespace held two archives of earlier boxes (same guest 9201, same token) and this box's own, which was not
+// settled yet. The old picker chose the earlier box's newest settled archive and failed `wrong key`.
+// The CONSEQUENCE asserted: no archive of another box is ever picked; with this box's archive settled it is picked.
+// COMPANION RED-PROOF: remove the `ownKey != "" && !EqualFold(...)` skip → the first case picks 2026-09-16T21:59:54Z.
+func TestR727_TheRestoreTestTakesOnlyThisBoxsArchives(t *testing.T) {
+	day := int64(86400)
+	now := int64(1790740000) // 2026-09-30 ~04:00Z
+	own := proxmox.StorageContent{VolID: "felhom-pbs:backup/ct/9201/2026-09-29T19:37:07Z", Content: "backup", VMID: 9201, Size: 3490689830, CTime: 1790710627, Encrypted: thisBoxKey}
+	api := &fakeBackupAPI{
+		storages: []proxmox.Storage{{Storage: "felhom-pbs", Type: "pbs", EncryptionKey: thisBoxKey}},
+		content: []proxmox.StorageContent{
+			{VolID: "felhom-pbs:backup/ct/9201/2026-09-16T17:27:32Z", Content: "backup", VMID: 9201, Size: 4774114206, CTime: 1789579652, Encrypted: earlierBox2},
+			{VolID: "felhom-pbs:backup/ct/9201/2026-09-16T21:59:54Z", Content: "backup", VMID: 9201, Size: 20811501236, CTime: 1789595994, Encrypted: earlierBox1},
+			own,
+		},
+	}
+	r := NewBackupRunner(api, "local", proxmox.ModeSnapshot, "", "keep-last=1", quiet())
+
+	// 1. The night of 2026-09-30: this box's own archive is ~6 h old, not settled (cutoff 24 h) — nothing to prove.
+	got, _, err := r.PickSettledRestoreCandidateOn(context.Background(), "felhom-pbs", time.Unix(now-day, 0).UTC())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("picked %q — an archive of ANOTHER box is never this box's proof (R-727)", got)
+	}
+	// 2. A day later this box's own archive is settled — it is the one picked.
+	got, _, err = r.PickSettledRestoreCandidateOn(context.Background(), "felhom-pbs", time.Unix(now+day, 0).UTC())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != own.VolID {
+		t.Fatalf("picked %q, want this box's own %q", got, own.VolID)
+	}
+}
+
+// An unencrypted storage (a local dir) holds only this box's vzdumps — no key filter applies.
+func TestR727_UnencryptedStorageIsNotFiltered(t *testing.T) {
+	api := &fakeBackupAPI{
+		storages: []proxmox.Storage{{Storage: "local", Type: "dir"}},
+		content:  []proxmox.StorageContent{{VolID: "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9201-2026_09_29-21_27_05.tar.zst", Content: "backup", VMID: 9201, Size: 955425507, CTime: 1790710025}},
+	}
+	r := NewBackupRunner(api, "local", proxmox.ModeSnapshot, "", "keep-last=1", quiet())
+	if got, _, err := r.PickSettledRestoreCandidateOn(context.Background(), "local", time.Time{}); err != nil || got == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q err %v", got, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// A storage-list failure makes the tier UNKNOWN (an error), never "nothing to prove".
+func TestR727_KeyLookupFailureIsUnknown(t *testing.T) {
+	api := &fakeBackupAPI{storageErr: errors.New("proxmox: GET /storage -> HTTP 500"), content: []proxmox.StorageContent{{VolID: "felhom-pbs:backup/ct/9201/x", Content: "backup", VMID: 9201}}}
+	r := NewBackupRunner(api, "local", proxmox.ModeSnapshot, "", "keep-last=1", quiet())
+	if _, _, err := r.PickSettledRestoreCandidateOn(context.Background(), "felhom-pbs", time.Time{}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a failed key lookup must surface as an error (tier UNKNOWN)")
+	}
+}

internal/backup/runner.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"sort"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -356,12 +357,58 @@ func (r *BackupRunner) PickSettledRestoreCandidateOn(ctx context.Context, target
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", time.Time{}, err
 	}
+	// R-727 (v0.138.0): on an ENCRYPTED storage, only archives written with THIS storage's key are this box's.
+	// Measured 2026-09-30 on a fresh box for a returning customer: the PBS namespace still held two archives
+	// of earlier boxes (same guest id 9201, same token), the newest settled one was an earlier box's, and the
+	// test failed `wrong key` every evaluation. The archive carries no host id; its key fingerprint is the
+	// discriminator (PVE's content `encrypted`, the storage's `encryption-key`). A lookup failure returns
+	// the error — the tier reads UNKNOWN, never "nothing to prove".
+	ownKey, err := r.storageKeyFingerprint(ctx, target)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("reading the key fingerprint of storage %s: %w", target, err)
+	}
 	var best string
 	var bestCTime int64 = -1
+	known := map[int]bool{} // vmid → the guest exists on this node (asked once per vmid per pick)
 	for _, e := range contents {
 		if e.Content != "backup" {
 			continue
 		}
+		// R-689 (v0.135.0): only a backup OF A GUEST is a restore-test candidate. demo-hp keeps its golden
+		// template in `local:backup/` — content "backup", 654 MB, plausibly complete — and it was picked as
+		// the newest settled archive every 6 h and failed extractconfig (403) each time, while the guest's
+		// real archive went untested.
+		if ok, why := guestBackupArchive(e); !ok {
+			r.noteNotAGuestBackupOnce(e, why)
+			continue
+		}
+		if ownKey != "" && !strings.EqualFold(e.Encrypted, ownKey) {
+			r.noteNotAGuestBackupOnce(e, fmt.Sprintf("written by another box (key %s, this box's key %s) — not this box's proof", shortFP(e.Encrypted), shortFP(ownKey)))
+			continue
+		}
+		// R-689 (v0.136.0): … OF A GUEST THAT STILL EXISTS here. Measured on demo-hp 2026-09-27 right after
+		// v0.135.0: with the golden skipped, the pick fell to `vzdump-lxc-9100-2026_08_21…`, a leftover of a
+		// guest deleted in August — proving nothing about any guest this box runs. "Does not exist" skips the
+		// archive; any OTHER lookup failure is returned, so the tier reads UNKNOWN, never "nothing to prove".
+		if _, seen := known[e.VMID]; !seen {
+			_, err := r.api.GuestConfig(ctx, e.VMID)
+			switch {
+			case err == nil:
+				known[e.VMID] = true
+			case strings.Contains(err.Error(), "does not exist"), strings.Contains(err.Error(), "permission denied"):
+				// v0.137.0: PVE answers 403 "permission denied at /vms/<id>" — not "does not exist" — for a guest
+				// outside the agent's ACL (the `felhom` pool). Measured on demo-hp after v0.136.0: the deleted
+				// guest 9100's archive made the local tier UNKNOWN every evaluation. A guest the agent cannot
+				// read is not one it manages; its archive is not a candidate.
+				known[e.VMID] = false
+			default:
+				return "", time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("checking whether guest %d still exists: %w", e.VMID, err)
+			}
+		}
+		if !known[e.VMID] {
+			r.noteNotAGuestBackupOnce(e, fmt.Sprintf("guest %d does not exist on this node or is not one this agent manages", e.VMID))
+			continue
+		}
 		if !notAfter.IsZero() && e.CTime > notAfter.Unix() {
 			continue // not settled yet — a newer archive is not a reason to re-prove an older one
 		}
@@ -591,3 +638,72 @@ func ToHubRestoreTest(res reconcile.RestoreTestResult, testedAt time.Time) hub.R
 	}
 	return rt
 }
+
+// guestBackupArchive reports whether a storage entry is a whole-guest backup of a known guest — a
+// `vzdump-<type>-<vmid>-…` file on a dir storage, or a `backup/{ct,vm}/<vmid>/<time>` snapshot on a PBS
+// datastore — whose vmid the storage itself reports. Anything else in a backup content type (a golden
+// template, a hand-copied tarball) is not a backup of a guest and is never restore-tested (R-689).
+// Pure, so the rule is unit-tested without a storage.
+func guestBackupArchive(e proxmox.StorageContent) (bool, string) {
+	if e.VMID <= 0 {
+		return false, "not a backup of a guest (the storage reports no vmid)"
+	}
+	vol := e.VolID
+	if i := strings.Index(vol, ":"); i >= 0 {
+		vol = vol[i+1:]
+	}
+	vol = strings.TrimPrefix(vol, "backup/")
+	vmid := strconv.Itoa(e.VMID)
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(vol, "vzdump-lxc-"+vmid+"-"), strings.HasPrefix(vol, "vzdump-qemu-"+vmid+"-"):
+		return true, ""
+	case strings.HasPrefix(vol, "ct/"+vmid+"/"), strings.HasPrefix(vol, "vm/"+vmid+"/"):
+		return true, ""
+	}
+	return false, "not a vzdump archive or a PBS snapshot of guest " + vmid
+}
+
+// noteNotAGuestBackupOnce logs, once per volid, that a backup-content entry is not a restore-test
+// candidate because it is not a backup of a guest (R-689). INFO, not WARN: a golden template kept in
+// the backup directory is the operator's, and not a fault.
+func (r *BackupRunner) noteNotAGuestBackupOnce(e proxmox.StorageContent, why string) {
+	r.rejectedMu.Lock()
+	if r.rejected == nil {
+		r.rejected = map[string]struct{}{}
+	}
+	_, seen := r.rejected[e.VolID]
+	if !seen {
+		r.rejected[e.VolID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	r.rejectedMu.Unlock()
+	if !seen {
+		r.logger.Info("backup: restore-test skips an entry that is not a backup of a guest",
+			"target", r.target, "volid", e.VolID, "size_bytes", e.Size, "reason", why)
+	}
+}
+
+// storageKeyFingerprint returns the named storage's client-side encryption key fingerprint ("" when the
+// storage is not encrypted — a local dir holds only this box's own vzdumps).
+func (r *BackupRunner) storageKeyFingerprint(ctx context.Context, target string) (string, error) {
+	sts, err := r.api.ListStorage(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	for _, st := range sts {
+		if st.Storage == target {
+			return strings.TrimSpace(st.EncryptionKey), nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", nil
+}
+
+// shortFP is the first 8 bytes of a key fingerprint, for a log line.
+func shortFP(fp string) string {
+	if fp == "" {
+		return "none"
+	}
+	if len(fp) > 23 {
+		return fp[:23] + "…"
+	}
+	return fp
+}

internal/capability/manifest.go

@@ -123,6 +123,9 @@ var manifest = []Capability{
 	{"dnsmasq-install", "dnsmasq package install", "/usr/bin/apt-get", []string{"install", "-y", "-q", "dnsmasq"}, false, ""},
 	{"dnsmasq-write", "dnsmasq drop-in write", "/usr/bin/install", []string{"-m", "0644", "/tmp/felhom-resolver-x.conf", "/etc/dnsmasq.d/felhom-x.conf"}, false, ""},
 	{"dnsmasq-enable", "dnsmasq enable", "/usr/bin/systemctl", []string{"enable", "--now", "dnsmasq"}, false, ""},
+
+	// ---- OS updates, guest fast lane (`11` §5.4.1; the wrapper holds every rule) ----
+	{"osapply-run", "OS update wrapper (guest fast lane)", "/usr/local/sbin/felhom-os-apply", []string{"--plan", "/var/lib/felhom-agent/os/plan-x.json"}, false, ""},
 	{"dnsmasq-reload", "dnsmasq reload", "/usr/bin/systemctl", []string{"reload", "dnsmasq"}, false, ""},
 	{"dnsmasq-restart", "dnsmasq restart (LAN-DNS self-heal)", "/usr/bin/systemctl", []string{"restart", "dnsmasq"}, false, ""},
 	{"dnsmasq-rm", "dnsmasq drop-in remove (decommission)", "/usr/bin/rm", []string{"-f", "/etc/dnsmasq.d/felhom-x.conf"}, false, ""},

internal/hub/client.go

@@ -425,3 +425,27 @@ func (c *Client) FetchRetainedIdentityEscrow(ctx context.Context) (*RetainedEscr
 	}
 	return &out, nil
 }
+
+// PostOSReport sends the OS-update leg's report after every run (hub v0.130.0): POST /api/v1/hosts/{id}/os-report.
+// Per-host key, self-scoped on the hub. Errors are typed like RegisterWG's and never include the bearer.
+func (c *Client) PostOSReport(ctx context.Context, body []byte) error {
+	if c.hostID == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("hub: PostOSReport requires a configured host_id")
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, c.baseURL+"/api/v1/hosts/"+c.hostID+"/os-report", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("hub: building os-report request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+c.apiKey)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	resp, err := c.hc.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return &TransportError{Err: err}
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	raw, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 64<<10))
+	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		return &HTTPError{StatusCode: resp.StatusCode, BodyTail: tail(raw, 256)}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/hub/cloudflared.go

@@ -2,45 +2,111 @@ package hub
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"os/exec"
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
+
+	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/proxmox"
 )
 
-// CloudflaredProber reports the cloudflared tunnel service health. It is a
-// READ-ONLY probe: the agent does NOT manage or restart cloudflared in this slice
-// (that is the tunnel-management slice — this is the seam for it). Injectable so
-// tests use a fake and never exec.
+// Tunnel states the agent reports (R-841, agent v0.141.0). THREE, never two: a probe that could not ask is
+// `unknown`, which the hub never shows as up or down and never alarms on (R-96 rule 3).
+const (
+	TunnelRunning    = "running"     // the cloudflared container runs AND its readiness check says CONNECTED
+	TunnelNotRunning = "not_running" // stopped / exited / absent, or running but NOT connected (Detail says which)
+	TunnelUnknown    = "unknown"     // the probe could not ask (guest down, pct/sudo error, health still starting)
+)
+
+// CloudflaredProber reports the box's tunnel. Injectable so tests use a fake and never exec.
 type CloudflaredProber interface {
-	// Status returns one of: "active" | "inactive" | "failed" | "unknown".
-	Status(ctx context.Context) (string, error)
+	// Status returns one of the Tunnel* states and a short detail (why not_running / why unknown).
+	Status(ctx context.Context) (status, detail string)
 }
 
-// SystemctlProber runs `systemctl is-active cloudflared`. This is NOT a Privileged
-// (root-CLI) op — `is-active` is non-root readable and is not one of the three
-// proven root exceptions, so it does not go through internal/proxmox.Privileged.
-type SystemctlProber struct {
-	Unit string // defaults to "cloudflared"
+// GuestTunnelProber reads the REAL tunnel: the `cloudflared` container in the box's own customer guest.
+//
+// Before v0.141.0 the agent ran `systemctl is-active cloudflared` on the HOST — a unit that does not exist (cloudflared
+// is a guest container, `11-os-updates.md` C8), so every box reported `inactive` (R-841).
+//
+// It uses ONLY the existing sudoers line `pct exec [0-9]* -- docker inspect -f *` (03 §3): the container's state, exit
+// code and Docker health status. The health status comes from the compose health check controller v0.292.0 adds
+// (`cloudflared tunnel --metrics localhost:20241 ready` → /ready: 200 only with ≥ 1 connection). Measured 2026-10-04:
+// with a wrong token the container stays "running" while /ready answers 503 — so the container state alone would lie.
+// A container with no health check (an older controller) is judged on its state alone, and Detail says so.
+type GuestTunnelProber struct {
+	Runner proxmox.Runner
+	// Guests returns the box's customer guest vmids (running pool guests that bind /mnt/felhom-drives).
+	Guests func(ctx context.Context) ([]int, error)
 }
 
-// Status maps `systemctl is-active` output to the report vocabulary. systemctl
-// exits non-zero for inactive/failed, so the output string is authoritative over
-// the exit code; any exec error (binary missing, etc.) maps to "unknown".
-func (p SystemctlProber) Status(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
-	unit := p.Unit
-	if unit == "" {
-		unit = "cloudflared"
+const tunnelInspect = `{{.State.Status}}|{{.State.ExitCode}}|{{if .State.Health}}{{.State.Health.Status}}{{else}}none{{end}}`
+
+// Status probes every customer guest and reports the worst state (normally there is exactly one guest).
+func (p GuestTunnelProber) Status(ctx context.Context) (string, string) {
+	if p.Runner == nil || p.Guests == nil {
+		return TunnelUnknown, "no probe wired"
 	}
-	out, _ := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "systemctl", "is-active", unit).Output()
-	switch strings.TrimSpace(string(out)) {
-	case "active":
-		return "active", nil
-	case "failed":
-		return "failed", nil
-	case "inactive", "deactivating", "activating":
-		return "inactive", nil
-	case "":
-		return "unknown", nil // no output → systemctl/exec problem
-	default:
-		return "unknown", nil
+	vmids, err := p.Guests(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return TunnelUnknown, "could not list the customer guest: " + err.Error()
 	}
+	if len(vmids) == 0 {
+		return TunnelUnknown, "no running customer guest"
+	}
+	worst, wdetail := "", ""
+	rank := map[string]int{TunnelRunning: 0, TunnelUnknown: 1, TunnelNotRunning: 2}
+	for _, v := range vmids {
+		out, errOut, err := p.Runner.Run(ctx, "/usr/sbin/pct", "exec", fmt.Sprint(v), "--", "docker", "inspect", "-f", tunnelInspect, "cloudflared")
+		st, d := ClassifyTunnel(string(out), string(errOut), err)
+		if len(vmids) > 1 {
+			d = fmt.Sprintf("guest %d: %s", v, d)
+		}
+		if worst == "" || rank[st] > rank[worst] {
+			worst, wdetail = st, d
+		}
+	}
+	return worst, wdetail
+}
+
+// ClassifyTunnel maps one `docker inspect` answer to a state. Pure; pinned by TestClassifyTunnel.
+func ClassifyTunnel(stdout, stderr string, err error) (string, string) {
+	out := strings.TrimSpace(stdout)
+	if err != nil || out == "" {
+		if strings.Contains(stderr, "No such object") || strings.Contains(stderr, "No such container") {
+			return TunnelNotRunning, "no cloudflared container in the guest"
+		}
+		return TunnelUnknown, "could not ask the guest: " + firstLine(stderr, err)
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(out, "|")
+	if len(parts) != 3 {
+		return TunnelUnknown, "unreadable docker answer: " + out
+	}
+	state, code, health := parts[0], parts[1], parts[2]
+	if state != "running" {
+		return TunnelNotRunning, fmt.Sprintf("container %s, exit code %s", state, code)
+	}
+	switch health {
+	case "healthy":
+		return TunnelRunning, "connected"
+	case "unhealthy":
+		return TunnelNotRunning, "container running but the tunnel is NOT connected (cloudflared /ready fails)"
+	case "starting":
+		return TunnelUnknown, "container running, readiness check still starting"
+	case "none":
+		return TunnelRunning, "container running (no readiness check on this controller — connection not checked)"
+	}
+	return TunnelUnknown, "unknown health state " + health
+}
+
+func firstLine(stderr string, err error) string {
+	s := strings.TrimSpace(stderr)
+	if i := strings.IndexByte(s, '\n'); i >= 0 {
+		s = s[:i]
+	}
+	if s == "" && err != nil {
+		s = err.Error()
+	}
+	if len(s) > 160 {
+		s = s[:160]
+	}
+	return s
 }

internal/hub/cloudflared_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package hub
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// R-841: the three states from one `docker inspect` answer. Red-proof: map "unhealthy" to running (the container
+// state alone — what a plain "is it running" probe would say) and the "running but not connected" case fails.
+func TestClassifyTunnel(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name, out, errOut string
+		err               error
+		want              string
+		detail            string
+	}{
+		{"connected", "running|0|healthy\n", "", nil, TunnelRunning, "connected"},
+		{"running but not connected", "running|0|unhealthy\n", "", nil, TunnelNotRunning, "NOT connected"},
+		{"stopped", "exited|137|unhealthy\n", "", nil, TunnelNotRunning, "exit code 137"},
+		{"absent", "", "Error: No such object: cloudflared", errors.New("exit status 1"), TunnelNotRunning, "no cloudflared container"},
+		{"still starting", "running|0|starting\n", "", nil, TunnelUnknown, "starting"},
+		{"no health check (older controller)", "running|0|none\n", "", nil, TunnelRunning, "connection not checked"},
+		{"guest not running", "", "CT 9201 not running", errors.New("exit status 255"), TunnelUnknown, "could not ask"},
+		{"sudo refused", "", "sudo: a password is required", errors.New("exit status 1"), TunnelUnknown, "could not ask"},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		st, d := ClassifyTunnel(c.out, c.errOut, c.err)
+		if st != c.want || !strings.Contains(d, c.detail) {
+			t.Errorf("%s: got %q (%s), want %q (…%s…)", c.name, st, d, c.want, c.detail)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type tunnelRunner struct {
+	calls []string
+	out   map[string]string
+}
+
+func (r *tunnelRunner) Run(_ context.Context, name string, args ...string) ([]byte, []byte, error) {
+	line := name + " " + strings.Join(args, " ")
+	r.calls = append(r.calls, line)
+	return []byte(r.out[args[1]]), nil, nil
+}
+func (r *tunnelRunner) RunStdin(ctx context.Context, _ io.Reader, name string, args ...string) ([]byte, []byte, error) {
+	return r.Run(ctx, name, args...)
+}
+
+// The probe uses EXACTLY the existing sudoers shape `pct exec <vmid> -- docker inspect -f <tmpl> cloudflared`, and
+// with no customer guest it is unknown, never down.
+func TestGuestTunnelProber(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &tunnelRunner{out: map[string]string{"9201": "running|0|healthy"}}
+	p := GuestTunnelProber{Runner: r, Guests: func(context.Context) ([]int, error) { return []int{9201}, nil }}
+	if st, d := p.Status(context.Background()); st != TunnelRunning || d != "connected" {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q %q", st, d)
+	}
+	want := "/usr/sbin/pct exec 9201 -- docker inspect -f " + tunnelInspect + " cloudflared"
+	if len(r.calls) != 1 || r.calls[0] != want {
+		t.Fatalf("command = %q, want %q", r.calls, want)
+	}
+	none := GuestTunnelProber{Runner: r, Guests: func(context.Context) ([]int, error) { return nil, nil }}
+	if st, _ := none.Status(context.Background()); st != TunnelUnknown {
+		t.Fatalf("no guest → %q, want unknown", st)
+	}
+}

internal/hub/collect.go

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/capability"
@@ -108,6 +110,7 @@ type Collector struct {
 	selfUpdate   SelfUpdateReporter                            // D1: agent self-update pending status (nil → false)
 	mgmtPlane    MgmtPlaneReporter                             // G1: management-plane health (nil → stanza omitted)
 	oob          OOBReporter                                   // H1: operator-access health (nil → stanza omitted)
+	system       SystemReporter                                // R-852: the box versions (nil → API fields only)
 	backupTarget func() ConfiguredBackupTarget                 // R-109: primary backup tier id (nil → recipe records unknown)
 	hostID       string
 	agentVersion string
@@ -248,6 +251,41 @@ type OOBReporter interface {
 }
 
 // SetOOBReporter wires the operator-access health source (H1; nil-safe → stanza omitted).
+// SystemReporter reads the box's versions (R-852): the customer guest's vmid and the wrapper's raw facts.
+type SystemReporter interface {
+	SystemFacts(ctx context.Context) (vmid int, facts json.RawMessage, err error)
+}
+
+// SetSystemReporter wires the facts read (agent v0.142.0). Without it the stanza carries the Proxmox API fields only.
+func (c *Collector) SetSystemReporter(r SystemReporter) *Collector {
+	c.system = r
+	return c
+}
+
+func unknownIfEmpty(s string) string {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(s) == "" {
+		return "unknown"
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+// systemInfo builds the `system` stanza. Never fatal: a failed facts read is FactsError, the API fields stay.
+func (c *Collector) systemInfo(ctx context.Context, ns proxmox.NodeStatus) *SystemInfo {
+	si := &SystemInfo{PVEVersion: unknownIfEmpty(ns.PVEVersion), KernelVersion: unknownIfEmpty(ns.KVersion),
+		ReadAt: c.now().Format(time.RFC3339)}
+	if c.system == nil {
+		si.FactsError = "no facts reader wired"
+		return si
+	}
+	vmid, f, err := c.system.SystemFacts(ctx)
+	si.VMID, si.Facts = vmid, f
+	if err != nil {
+		si.FactsError = err.Error()
+		c.logger.Debug("hub: system facts unavailable", "err", err)
+	}
+	return si
+}
+
 func (c *Collector) SetOOBReporter(o OOBReporter) *Collector {
 	c.oob = o
 	return c
@@ -280,10 +318,11 @@ func (c *Collector) Collect(ctx context.Context) (*HostReport, error) {
 		PBSSnapshots:   c.collectPBSSnapshots(ctx),
 
 		AuditTail:       []AuditEntry{},
-		Cloudflared:     Cloudflared{Status: c.cloudflaredStatus(ctx)},
+		Cloudflared:     c.cloudflared(ctx),
 		Capabilities:    c.capabilities(ctx),
 		LeafFingerprint: c.leafFP,
 		Addresses:       c.collectAddresses(),
+		System:          c.systemInfo(ctx, ns),
 	}
 	// DR recipe host-half — derived from the just-collected guest/storage/PBS facts (no new reads).
 	// Secret-free by construction (identifiers/intents/sizes/coordinates only).
@@ -555,16 +594,18 @@ func (c *Collector) collectPBSSnapshots(ctx context.Context) []PBSSnapshot {
 	return []PBSSnapshot{}
 }
 
-func (c *Collector) cloudflaredStatus(ctx context.Context) string {
+func (c *Collector) cloudflared(ctx context.Context) Cloudflared {
 	if c.cf == nil {
-		return "unknown"
+		return Cloudflared{Status: TunnelUnknown, Detail: "no probe wired"}
 	}
-	st, err := c.cf.Status(ctx)
-	if err != nil || st == "" {
-		c.logger.Warn("hub: cloudflared probe failed", "err", err)
-		return "unknown"
+	st, d := c.cf.Status(ctx)
+	if st == "" {
+		st = TunnelUnknown
 	}
-	return st
+	if st == TunnelUnknown {
+		c.logger.Debug("hub: tunnel probe could not decide", "detail", d)
+	}
+	return Cloudflared{Status: st, Detail: d}
 }
 
 func percent(used, total int64) float64 {

internal/hub/collect_guestnet_test.go

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ func (f fakeGuestNet) GuestNetStatus(context.Context) *GuestNetStatus { return f
 
 func TestCollect_GuestNetOmittedWhenReporterNil(t *testing.T) {
 	px := &fakePx{node: "n", ns: newTestNodeStatus()}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, fakeObserver{}, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.92.0", quietLogger())
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, fakeObserver{}, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.92.0", quietLogger())
 	r, err := c.Collect(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Collect: %v", err)
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func TestCollect_GuestNetOmittedWhenReporterNil(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCollect_GuestNetPopulatedWhenWired(t *testing.T) {
 	px := &fakePx{node: "n", ns: newTestNodeStatus()}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, fakeObserver{}, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.92.0", quietLogger())
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, fakeObserver{}, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.92.0", quietLogger())
 	c.SetGuestNetReporter(fakeGuestNet{st: &GuestNetStatus{
 		CheckedAt: "2026-07-21T10:00:00Z",
 		Guests: []GuestNetGuest{{

internal/hub/collect_mgmtplane_test.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func (f fakeMgmtPlane) MgmtPlaneStatus(context.Context) *MgmtPlaneStatus { retur
 
 func TestCollect_MgmtPlaneOmittedWhenReporterNil(t *testing.T) {
 	px := &fakePx{node: "n", ns: newTestNodeStatus()}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, fakeObserver{}, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.71.0", quietLogger())
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, fakeObserver{}, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.71.0", quietLogger())
 	r, err := c.Collect(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Collect: %v", err)
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func TestCollect_MgmtPlaneOmittedWhenReporterNil(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCollect_MgmtPlanePopulatedWhenWired(t *testing.T) {
 	px := &fakePx{node: "n", ns: newTestNodeStatus()}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, fakeObserver{}, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.71.0", quietLogger())
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, fakeObserver{}, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.71.0", quietLogger())
 	c.SetMgmtPlaneReporter(fakeMgmtPlane{st: &MgmtPlaneStatus{
 		PrivsepDirOK: true, SshdReachable: true, HealedRecently: true, PrivsepHealedAt: "2026-07-05T16:42:17Z",
 	}})
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func (f fakeOOB) OOBStatus(context.Context) *OOBStatus { return f.st }
 
 func TestCollect_OOBOmittedWhenNil(t *testing.T) {
 	px := &fakePx{node: "n", ns: newTestNodeStatus()}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, fakeObserver{}, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.72.0", quietLogger())
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, fakeObserver{}, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.72.0", quietLogger())
 	r, _ := c.Collect(context.Background())
 	if r.OOB != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("no reporter → oob omitted, got %+v", r.OOB)
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func TestCollect_OOBOmittedWhenNil(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCollect_OOBPopulatedWhenWired(t *testing.T) {
 	px := &fakePx{node: "n", ns: newTestNodeStatus()}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, fakeObserver{}, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.72.0", quietLogger())
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, fakeObserver{}, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.72.0", quietLogger())
 	c.SetOOBReporter(fakeOOB{st: &OOBStatus{FelhomSshdActive: true, FelhomSshdPort: 8822, Reachable: true}})
 	r, _ := c.Collect(context.Background())
 	if r.OOB == nil || r.OOB.FelhomSshdPort != 8822 || !r.OOB.Reachable {

internal/hub/collect_test.go

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func TestCollect_StorageTargetsFromObserver(t *testing.T) {
 	obs := fakeObserver{targets: []StorageTarget{
 		{Name: "local-lvm", Type: StorageTypeLVMThin, State: StorageStateAttached, Reachable: true},
 	}}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, obs, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.5.0", quietLogger())
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, obs, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.5.0", quietLogger())
 	r, err := c.Collect(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Collect: %v", err)
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func TestCollect_StorageTargetsFromObserver(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCollect_StorageObserverErrorDegradesToEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	px := &fakePx{node: "n", ns: newTestNodeStatus()}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, fakeObserver{err: errors.New("proxmox down")}, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.5.0", quietLogger())
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, fakeObserver{err: errors.New("proxmox down")}, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.5.0", quietLogger())
 	r, err := c.Collect(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("a storage observe error must not sink the heartbeat: %v", err)
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func TestCollect_HostAndGuests(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		cfg: map[int]proxmox.GuestConfig{100: {Cores: 2, Memory: 2048}},
 	}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "demo-host-01", "0.3.0", quietLogger())
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "demo-host-01", "0.3.0", quietLogger())
 	r, err := c.Collect(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Collect: %v", err)
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func TestCollect_HostAndGuests(t *testing.T) {
 	if g.Spec.Cores != 2 || g.Spec.MemoryBytes != 2147483648 || g.Spec.DiskBytes != 21474836480 {
 		t.Errorf("spec = %+v", g.Spec)
 	}
-	if r.Cloudflared.Status != "active" {
+	if r.Cloudflared.Status != "running" || r.Cloudflared.Detail != "connected" {
 		t.Errorf("cloudflared = %q", r.Cloudflared.Status)
 	}
 }
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ func TestCollect_GuestConfigFailureKeepsStatusOmitsSpec(t *testing.T) {
 		cfg:    map[int]proxmox.GuestConfig{100: {Cores: 2}},
 		cfgErr: map[int]error{200: errors.New("config read failed")},
 	}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.3.1", quietLogger())
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.3.1", quietLogger())
 	r, err := c.Collect(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("a per-guest failure must NOT fail the whole report: %v", err)
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ func TestCollect_GuestConfigFailureKeepsStatusOmitsSpec(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCollect_NodeStatusFailureIsHardError(t *testing.T) {
 	px := &fakePx{node: "n", nsErr: errors.New("proxmox down")}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.3.0", quietLogger())
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.3.0", quietLogger())
 	if _, err := c.Collect(context.Background()); err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("NodeStatus failure must be a hard error (no useful report)")
 	}
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ func TestCollect_NodeStatusFailureIsHardError(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCollect_CloudflaredProbeErrorIsUnknown(t *testing.T) {
 	px := &fakePx{node: "n", ns: newTestNodeStatus()}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{err: errors.New("no systemctl")}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.3.0", quietLogger())
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "", detail: "could not ask"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.3.0", quietLogger())
 	r, err := c.Collect(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("cloudflared failure must not be fatal: %v", err)
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ func TestCollect_LeafFingerprint(t *testing.T) {
 	px := &fakePx{node: "n", ns: newTestNodeStatus()}
 	const fp = "60b5974d586f5f3c8ec41eb998d0f07406178219c36bf6d3ff377570279d8245"
 
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.48.0", quietLogger())
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.48.0", quietLogger())
 	c.SetLeafFingerprint(fp)
 	r, err := c.Collect(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func TestCollect_LeafFingerprint(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Companion: no SetLeafFingerprint (local API disabled) → empty, never a fabricated value.
-	c2 := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.48.0", quietLogger())
+	c2 := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.48.0", quietLogger())
 	r2, _ := c2.Collect(context.Background())
 	if r2.LeafFingerprint != "" {
 		t.Fatalf("unset leaf_fingerprint = %q, want empty", r2.LeafFingerprint)

internal/hub/dr_recipe_test.go

@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ func TestCollectDRRecipe_ProductionPath(t *testing.T) {
 	obs := fakeObserver{targets: capturedDemoFelhomTargets()}
 	pbsRep := fakePBSReporter{snaps: capturedDemoFelhomSnapshots()}
 
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, obs, nil, nil, pbsRep, "h", "0.118.0", quietLogger())
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, obs, nil, nil, pbsRep, "h", "0.118.0", quietLogger())
 	c.SetBackupTargetResolver(func() ConfiguredBackupTarget {
 		return ConfiguredBackupTarget{StorageID: "felhom-backup", Known: true}
 	})
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ func TestCollectDRRecipe_ProductionPath(t *testing.T) {
 // test that would have caught shipping the seam without wiring it.
 func TestCollectDRRecipe_UnwiredSeamReportsUnknown(t *testing.T) {
 	px := &fakePx{node: "n", ns: newTestNodeStatus()}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, fakeObserver{targets: capturedDemoFelhomTargets()},
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, fakeObserver{targets: capturedDemoFelhomTargets()},
 		nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.118.0", quietLogger())
 
 	r, err := c.Collect(context.Background())

internal/hub/hostmetrics_test.go

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ func intp(v int) *int { return &v }
 // HostMetricsNow returns a fresh host block with cpu% from NodeStatus and the temp from the reader.
 func TestHostMetricsNow_PopulatesTemp(t *testing.T) {
 	px := &fakePx{node: "demo-felhom", ns: newTestNodeStatus()}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.14.0", quietLogger()).
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.14.0", quietLogger()).
 		SetTempReader(fakeTemp{c: intp(46)})
 	h, err := c.HostMetricsNow(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func TestHostMetricsNow_PopulatesTemp(t *testing.T) {
 // A missing temp sensor gracefully nulls cpu_temp_c without failing the host read.
 func TestHostMetricsNow_GracefulNullTemp(t *testing.T) {
 	px := &fakePx{node: "n", ns: newTestNodeStatus()}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.14.0", quietLogger()).
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.14.0", quietLogger()).
 		SetTempReader(fakeTemp{c: nil})
 	h, err := c.HostMetricsNow(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func TestHostMetricsNow_GracefulNullTemp(t *testing.T) {
 // A NodeStatus failure is a hard error (no useful host view).
 func TestHostMetricsNow_NodeStatusErrorIsHard(t *testing.T) {
 	px := &fakePx{node: "n", nsErr: errors.New("proxmox down")}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.14.0", quietLogger())
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.14.0", quietLogger())
 	if _, err := c.HostMetricsNow(context.Background()); err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("NodeStatus failure must be a hard error")
 	}
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func TestHostMetricsNow_NodeStatusErrorIsHard(t *testing.T) {
 // Collect() (the hub report) also carries the temp now — the operator freebie.
 func TestCollect_HostReportCarriesTemp(t *testing.T) {
 	px := &fakePx{node: "n", ns: newTestNodeStatus()}
-	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "active"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.14.0", quietLogger()).
+	c := NewCollector(px, fakeProber{status: "running", detail: "connected"}, nil, nil, nil, nil, "h", "0.14.0", quietLogger()).
 		SetTempReader(fakeTemp{c: intp(51)})
 	r, err := c.Collect(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {

internal/hub/mock_test.go

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func (f *fakePx) GuestConfig(ctx context.Context, vmid int) (proxmox.GuestConfig
 // fakeProber is a fake CloudflaredProber.
 type fakeProber struct {
 	status string
-	err    error
+	detail string
 }
 
-func (p fakeProber) Status(ctx context.Context) (string, error) { return p.status, p.err }
+func (p fakeProber) Status(ctx context.Context) (string, string) { return p.status, p.detail }

internal/hub/osupdate_contract_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package hub
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// The os_update block is a cross-repo contract: testdata/desired-state-osupdate.golden.json is byte-identical with
+// felhom.eu/hub/internal/api/testdata (the hub's TestOSUpdate_DesiredBlockMatchesTheGolden proves the hub SERVES
+// it). Here: the agent DECODES every field. A renamed json tag on either side fails one of the two tests.
+func TestOSUpdateGolden_Decodes(t *testing.T) {
+	raw, err := os.ReadFile("testdata/desired-state-osupdate.golden.json")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var resp DesiredStateResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	o := resp.DesiredState.OSUpdate
+	if o == nil || o.Ring != 1 || !o.Enabled || o.Release == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("os_update = %+v", o)
+	}
+	r := o.Release
+	if r.ID != "os-guest-20261004-120000" || r.Snapshot != "20261004T120000Z" || len(r.Packages) != 2 ||
+		r.Packages[1].Name != "openssl" || r.Packages[1].Version != "3.5.7-1~deb13u3" || r.Packages[1].Origin != "Debian-Security" {
+		t.Fatalf("release = %+v", r)
+	}
+	// v0.141.0: the host layer's own approved set (`11` §8 step 3).
+	h := o.HostRelease
+	if h == nil || h.ID != "os-host-20261004-120000" || h.Snapshot != "20261004T120000Z" || len(h.Packages) != 1 ||
+		h.Packages[0].Name != "libssl3t64" || h.Packages[0].Origin != "Debian-Security" {
+		t.Fatalf("host_release = %+v", h)
+	}
+}

internal/hub/report.go

@@ -89,6 +89,12 @@ type HostReport struct {
 	// hub-schema change and are absent when the reporter is not wired.
 	MgmtPlane *MgmtPlaneStatus `json:"mgmt_plane,omitempty"`
 
+	// System is the box's versions for the hub's System page (agent v0.142.0, R-852, `09` decision 89): Proxmox and the
+	// running kernel from the Proxmox API, and the wrapper's read-only facts (host Debian, next-boot kernel, held
+	// packages, taint, the crash guard; guest Debian, Docker engine, containerd, live-restore). A value nobody could
+	// read is "unknown", never empty and never guessed. The hub v0.132.0 consumes it (hosts + System pages).
+	System *SystemInfo `json:"system,omitempty"`
+
 	// PBSDR is the PBS-DR-tier bridge status stanza (slice 2). Present only when the pbsdr
 	// consumer is wired. `consumed_failed` is the LOUD persistent state: the one-time token
 	// secret was consumed but the apply failed afterwards — the secret is burned, the bridge
@@ -241,6 +247,16 @@ type WireguardStatus struct {
 	AssignedIP        string `json:"assigned_ip,omitempty"` // from the marker, e.g. "10.77.0.2/32"
 }
 
+// SystemInfo is the `system` stanza (see HostReport.System).
+type SystemInfo struct {
+	PVEVersion    string          `json:"pve_version"`    // GET /nodes/{node}/status pveversion
+	KernelVersion string          `json:"kernel_version"` // GET /nodes/{node}/status kversion
+	VMID          int             `json:"vmid,omitempty"` // the customer guest the facts read
+	Facts         json.RawMessage `json:"facts,omitempty"`
+	FactsError    string          `json:"facts_error,omitempty"`
+	ReadAt        string          `json:"read_at"`
+}
+
 // HostMetrics is the host block, sourced from proxmox NodeStatus.
 type HostMetrics struct {
 	Node             string   `json:"node"`
@@ -289,9 +305,10 @@ type GuestSpec struct {
 	DiskBytes   int64 `json:"disk_bytes"`
 }
 
-// Cloudflared is the tunnel service health (read-only probe this slice).
+// Cloudflared is the box's tunnel (R-841, agent v0.141.0): the cloudflared container in the customer guest.
 type Cloudflared struct {
-	Status string `json:"status"` // active | inactive | failed | unknown
+	Status string `json:"status"`           // running | not_running | unknown (TunnelRunning …)
+	Detail string `json:"detail,omitempty"` // why not_running / unknown, or "connected"
 }
 
 // The following element types are declared now so the empty collections above are
@@ -548,6 +565,35 @@ type WireDesiredState struct {
 	RestoreDirective *WireRestoreDirective `json:"restore_directive,omitempty"` // slice 10D (forward-compat)
 	Wireguard        *WireWireguard        `json:"wireguard,omitempty"`         // S3 (doc 06 §3.2; golden-pinned)
 	PBSDR            *WirePBSDR            `json:"pbs_dr,omitempty"`            // PBS DR tier (slice 2 consumer)
+	OSUpdate         *WireOSUpdate         `json:"os_update,omitempty"`         // OS updates, guest fast lane (agent v0.140.0)
+}
+
+// WireOSUpdate is the hub-OWNED OS-update block (hub v0.130.0, `11-os-updates.md` §5.3), merged into the served
+// document at read time. Ring 0 installs every pending Debian / Debian-Security fix; ring 1 installs exactly the
+// newest approved release. Absent (older hub) → the agent treats the box as ring 1, ON, no release: it reports
+// and installs nothing. Golden: testdata/desired-state-osupdate.golden.json (byte-identical with the hub's).
+type WireOSUpdate struct {
+	Ring    int            `json:"ring"`
+	Enabled bool           `json:"enabled"`
+	Release *WireOSRelease `json:"release,omitempty"`
+	// HostRelease is the newest approved HOST release (hub v0.131.0, `11` §8 step 3) — a separate set: a version
+	// approved for the guest is not approved for the host by that fact alone.
+	HostRelease *WireOSRelease `json:"host_release,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// WireOSRelease is an approved version set; Snapshot is the approval time (YYYYMMDDTHHMMSSZ) the wrapper uses
+// for snapshot.debian.org when Debian has already replaced a version (decision 79).
+type WireOSRelease struct {
+	ID       string          `json:"id"`
+	Snapshot string          `json:"snapshot"`
+	Packages []WireOSPackage `json:"packages"`
+}
+
+// WireOSPackage is one approved name=version and its origin ("Debian" | "Debian-Security").
+type WireOSPackage struct {
+	Name    string `json:"name"`
+	Version string `json:"version"`
+	Origin  string `json:"origin"`
 }
 
 // WirePBSDR is the hub's PBS-DR-tier descriptor (PBS DR slice 1, hub/internal/web/pbsdr.go

internal/hub/testdata/desired-state-osupdate.golden.json

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{
+  "generation": 1,
+  "desired_state": {
+    "os_update": {
+      "ring": 1,
+      "enabled": true,
+      "release": {
+        "id": "os-guest-20261004-120000",
+        "snapshot": "20261004T120000Z",
+        "packages": [
+          {"name": "libc6", "version": "2.41-12+deb13u4", "origin": "Debian"},
+          {"name": "openssl", "version": "3.5.7-1~deb13u3", "origin": "Debian-Security"}
+        ]
+      },
+      "host_release": {
+        "id": "os-host-20261004-120000",
+        "snapshot": "20261004T120000Z",
+        "packages": [
+          {"name": "libssl3t64", "version": "3.5.7-1~deb13u3", "origin": "Debian-Security"}
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

internal/localapi/afterbackup_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package localapi
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/backup"
+)
+
+// The OS leg (agent v0.140.0) runs after a SUCCESSFUL primary backup, and only then; and it runs BEFORE the
+// host-wide heavy-op gate is released, so a restore-test cannot start in the middle of it (`11` C10).
+// Red-proof: drop the `b.Success &&` guard and the failed-backup sub-case fails; move the call after release()
+// and the gate sub-case fails.
+func TestAfterPrimaryBackup(t *testing.T) {
+	run := func(t *testing.T, failErr string) (calls []int, gateHeld bool) {
+		gate := &backup.InFlight{}
+		b := &fakeBackups{failErr: failErr}
+		srv := newTestServerS(t, &fakeGuests{}, b, &fakeStore{}, nil)
+		srv.inFlight = gate
+		var mu sync.Mutex
+		done := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+		srv.SetAfterPrimaryBackup(func(_ context.Context, vmid int) {
+			rel, _, ok := gate.TryAcquire("probe")
+			mu.Lock()
+			calls = append(calls, vmid)
+			gateHeld = !ok
+			mu.Unlock()
+			if ok {
+				rel()
+			}
+			done <- struct{}{}
+		})
+		h := srv.Handler()
+		if do(t, h, "POST", "/backup", "A", "").Code != http.StatusAccepted {
+			t.Fatal("POST /backup not accepted")
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(500 * time.Millisecond):
+		}
+		time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+		mu.Lock()
+		defer mu.Unlock()
+		return calls, gateHeld
+	}
+	t.Run("success runs the leg under the gate", func(t *testing.T) {
+		calls, held := run(t, "")
+		if len(calls) != 1 {
+			t.Fatalf("the leg ran %d time(s), want 1", len(calls))
+		}
+		if !held {
+			t.Fatal("the heavy-op gate was free while the leg ran — a restore-test could overlap it")
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("a failed backup runs nothing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if calls, _ := run(t, "vzdump exploded"); len(calls) != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("the leg ran after a FAILED backup: %v", calls)
+		}
+	})
+}

internal/localapi/server.go

@@ -160,6 +160,10 @@ type Options struct {
 	// NetStorage is the privileged network-mount (NAS) surface (Part A1). OPTIONAL — when nil, the
 	// /netstorage endpoints report "not configured". Satisfied by *storage.SudoHostOps.
 	NetStorage NetworkStorageOps
+	// AfterPrimaryBackup (agent v0.140.0, `11-os-updates.md` §8 step 2) runs right after a SUCCESSFUL backup on the
+	// PRIMARY tier, inside the backup goroutine and BEFORE the host-wide heavy-op gate is released — so the OS leg
+	// that it starts can never overlap another backup or a restore-test (`11` C10). OPTIONAL — nil → nothing runs.
+	AfterPrimaryBackup func(ctx context.Context, vmid int)
 	// Privileged runs the fenced root wrappers (E-2a: felhom-backup-target-apply). OPTIONAL — when
 	// nil, POST /backup/target reports "not configured". Satisfied by *proxmox.ExecRunner.
 	Privileged PrivilegedRunner
@@ -276,6 +280,7 @@ type Server struct {
 	tiers []BackupTier
 	// inFlight (R-85) is shared with the restore-test scheduler so the two never run together.
 	inFlight *backup.InFlight
+	afterPrimaryBackup func(ctx context.Context, vmid int) // the OS leg (agent v0.140.0); nil = none
 	logger   *slog.Logger
 	now      func() time.Time
 
@@ -469,6 +474,7 @@ func NewServer(o Options) (*Server, error) {
 	// the primary is always first, because that is what the untargeted endpoints act on.
 	s.tiers = normalizeBackupTiers(o.BackupTiers, o.Backups, cadence)
 	s.inFlight = o.InFlight
+	s.afterPrimaryBackup = o.AfterPrimaryBackup
 	if s.backups == nil && len(s.tiers) > 0 {
 		s.backups = s.tiers[0].Service
 	}
@@ -894,6 +900,10 @@ func (s *Server) handleBackup(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, vmid int)
 		}
 		s.store.RecordBackup(b)
 		s.finishJob(key, jobID, b)
+		// OS leg (agent v0.140.0): after the night's whole-guest copy exists, still holding the heavy-op gate.
+		if b.Success && tier.Primary && s.afterPrimaryBackup != nil {
+			s.afterPrimaryBackup(base, vmid)
+		}
 	}()
 	writeStatus(w, http.StatusAccepted, true, BackupResponse{VMID: vmid, JobID: jobID, Phase: PhaseRunning}, "")
 }
@@ -1465,3 +1475,6 @@ func writeStatus(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, ok bool, data any, errMsg stri
 	w.WriteHeader(code)
 	_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(apiResponse{OK: ok, Data: data, Error: errMsg})
 }
+
+// SetAfterPrimaryBackup wires the hook that runs after a successful primary-tier backup (the OS leg, agent v0.140.0).
+func (s *Server) SetAfterPrimaryBackup(fn func(ctx context.Context, vmid int)) { s.afterPrimaryBackup = fn }

internal/osupdate/dockerjob.go

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package osupdate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/signedjobs"
+)
+
+// OpDockerStep is the signed op class of a Docker engine step (`11` §5.8): a ring-1 box takes an approved engine set,
+// and every box takes an UNDO, only through it. CC may sign it until the first paying customer (R-530 ruling).
+const OpDockerStep = "os_docker_step"
+
+// DockerStepParams are the signed params. The wrapper compares Packages and Undo with the plan byte-for-byte.
+type DockerStepParams struct {
+	ReleaseID string    `json:"release_id"`
+	Packages  []Package `json:"packages"`
+	Undo      bool      `json:"undo"`
+	VMID      int       `json:"vmid,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// DockerStepExecutor runs a verified os_docker_step (signedjobs.Executor). Guest finds the box's customer guest when
+// the params name none; Gate (optional) takes the host-wide heavy-op gate so a step never runs beside a backup.
+type DockerStepExecutor struct {
+	Leg   *Leg
+	Guest func(ctx context.Context) (int, error)
+	Gate  func(ctx context.Context) (release func(), err error)
+}
+
+// Execute implements signedjobs.Executor.
+func (e DockerStepExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, op string, params json.RawMessage) error {
+	if op != OpDockerStep {
+		return signedjobs.ErrNoExecutor
+	}
+	so, ok := signedjobs.SignedOpFrom(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("os_docker_step: no signed envelope in the context — the wrapper could not verify it")
+	}
+	var p DockerStepParams
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(params, &p); err != nil || len(p.Packages) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("os_docker_step: params must name the engine set: %v", err)
+	}
+	vmid := p.VMID
+	if vmid == 0 {
+		if e.Guest == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("os_docker_step: no vmid and no guest finder")
+		}
+		v, err := e.Guest(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("os_docker_step: find the customer guest: %w", err)
+		}
+		vmid = v
+	}
+	if e.Gate != nil {
+		release, err := e.Gate(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("os_docker_step: heavy-op gate busy (a backup or restore-test runs): %w", err)
+		}
+		defer release()
+	}
+	rep := e.Leg.RunDockerSigned(ctx, vmid, p, so.Blob, string(so.Sig))
+	switch rep.Outcome {
+	case "applied", "nothing":
+		if rep.Healthy {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("os_docker_step: %s (%s) %s", rep.Outcome, rep.HealthReason, string(rep.Refused))
+}
+
+// RunDockerSigned is one signed Docker step (ring 1 or an undo): live-restore first (decision 87, a no-op when on),
+// then the docker layer with the signed envelope, which the wrapper verifies itself.
+func (l *Leg) RunDockerSigned(ctx context.Context, vmid int, p DockerStepParams, blob []byte, sig string) Report {
+	runID := l.now().UTC().Format("20060102T150405Z")
+	lg := l.log().With("run", runID, "vmid", vmid, "trigger", "signed", "release", p.ReleaseID, "undo", p.Undo)
+	if err := l.EnsureLiveRestore(ctx, runID, vmid); err != nil {
+		return l.finish(ctx, lg, Report{RunID: runID, Layer: LayerDocker, Trigger: "signed", Ring: l.Block().Ring, VMID: vmid,
+			Mode: "apply", ReleaseID: p.ReleaseID, Outcome: "failed", HealthReason: "live-restore could not be turned on: " + err.Error()})
+	}
+	rid := p.ReleaseID
+	if rid == "" {
+		rid = "signed-" + runID
+	}
+	return l.runLayer(ctx, runID, LayerDocker, vmid, "signed", l.Block(), dockerOpts{releaseID: rid, packages: p.Packages,
+		undo: p.Undo, signed: map[string]string{"blob_b64": base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(blob), "sig": sig}})
+}

internal/osupdate/dockerjob_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package osupdate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/hub"
+	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/reconcile"
+	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/signedjobs"
+)
+
+// The executor hands the RAW signed bytes to the wrapper (which verifies them itself) and the exact signed package
+// list. Red-proof: drop the `signed` field from the docker plan in runLayer and the plan check fails.
+func TestDockerStepExecutor_PassesTheSignedEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t, applyRep: map[string]WrapperReport{LayerDocker: {
+		Upgraded: []Package{{Name: "docker-ce", Version: "5:29.8.2-1~debian.13~trixie"}}, DockerEngine: "29.8.2", Authority: "signed"}}}
+	l, h := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 1, Enabled: true})
+	e := DockerStepExecutor{Leg: l, Guest: func(context.Context) (int, error) { return 9201, nil }}
+	params, _ := json.Marshal(DockerStepParams{ReleaseID: "os-docker-1", Packages: []Package{{Name: "docker-ce", Version: "5:29.8.2-1~debian.13~trixie", Origin: "Docker CE"}}})
+	ctx := signedjobs.WithSignedOp(context.Background(), &reconcile.SignedOp{Blob: []byte(`{"op":"os_docker_step"}`), Sig: []byte("SIG")})
+	if err := e.Execute(ctx, OpDockerStep, params); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	dp := w.plans[len(w.plans)-1]
+	sg, _ := dp["signed"].(map[string]any)
+	if dp["layer"] != "docker" || dp["lane"] != "slow" || dp["release_id"] != "os-docker-1" || sg == nil ||
+		sg["blob_b64"] != base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(`{"op":"os_docker_step"}`)) || sg["sig"] != "SIG" {
+		t.Fatalf("docker plan = %v", dp)
+	}
+	if calls(w) != "guest:live-restore-on,docker:apply" || len(h.reports) != 1 || h.reports[0].Trigger != "signed" {
+		t.Fatalf("calls=%s reports=%+v", calls(w), h.reports)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDockerStepExecutor_RefusesWithoutEnvelopeAndPassesOtherOps(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t}
+	l, _ := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 1, Enabled: true})
+	e := DockerStepExecutor{Leg: l, Guest: func(context.Context) (int, error) { return 9201, nil }}
+	if err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "agent_update", nil); !errors.Is(err, signedjobs.ErrNoExecutor) {
+		t.Fatalf("another op must pass through the chain: %v", err)
+	}
+	params, _ := json.Marshal(DockerStepParams{Packages: []Package{{Name: "docker-ce", Version: "1"}}})
+	if err := e.Execute(context.Background(), OpDockerStep, params); err == nil || len(w.plans) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("no envelope must refuse before any wrapper call: err=%v calls=%s", err, calls(w))
+	}
+}

internal/osupdate/leg.go

@@ -0,0 +1,684 @@
+// Package osupdate is the agent's OS-update leg (`11-os-updates.md` §8 steps 2–3, §5.8): the customer GUEST's Debian
+// fast lane (agent v0.140.0), after it in the same pass the HOST's (agent v0.141.0), and then — ring 0 only — the
+// guest's DOCKER engine set, the slow lane (agent v0.142.0; a ring-1 box takes a Docker step only inside a signed
+// operator job, DockerStepExecutor). It also reads the box's versions for the hub's System page (Facts, R-852).
+//
+// It runs right after the night's successful whole-guest backup, while the backup goroutine still holds the host-wide
+// heavy-op gate (so it never overlaps a backup or a restore-test, `11` C10), at most once per night. All root work is
+// the wrapper `felhom-os-apply` (configs/, its own tests); this package only builds plans, calls the wrapper through
+// sudo, judges health and reports to the hub — one report per layer.
+//
+// NO AUTOMATIC UNDO (R-837 measured; `09` §3 decision 81): a failed health check stops, reports `health_failed` and the
+// hub mails the operator; the whole-guest backup taken minutes earlier is the guest's undo, by hand; a host package is
+// put back by hand from the previous release's snapshot (runbook). The host is NEVER rebooted by this package.
+package osupdate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/hub"
+	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/proxmox"
+)
+
+// WrapperPath is the pinned sudoers vector (configs/felhom-agent.sudoers FELHOM_OSAPPLY).
+const WrapperPath = "/usr/local/sbin/felhom-os-apply"
+
+// DefaultPlanDir is where plans are written (the sudoers glob names it).
+const DefaultPlanDir = "/var/lib/felhom-agent/os"
+
+// Layers.
+const (
+	LayerGuest  = "guest"
+	LayerHost   = "host"
+	LayerDocker = "docker" // the guest's Docker engine set — slow lane (`11` §5.8)
+)
+
+// DockerNames are the six packages of the Docker engine set (the wrapper's DOCKER_NAMES).
+var DockerNames = map[string]bool{"containerd.io": true, "docker-buildx-plugin": true, "docker-ce": true,
+	"docker-ce-cli": true, "docker-ce-rootless-extras": true, "docker-compose-plugin": true}
+
+// Package is one name=version with its origin.
+type Package struct {
+	Name    string `json:"name"`
+	Version string `json:"version"`
+	Origin  string `json:"origin"`
+}
+
+// Pending is one update the sources offer (origin as apt names it, possibly several).
+type Pending struct {
+	Name   string   `json:"name"`
+	From   string   `json:"from"`
+	To     string   `json:"to"`
+	Origin []string `json:"origin"`
+}
+
+// Container is one container's state as the wrapper saw it.
+type Container struct {
+	State  string `json:"state"`
+	Health string `json:"health"` // healthy | unhealthy | starting | none
+	ID     string `json:"id,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Health is one health reading. Guest layer: DockerOK..Containers. Host layer: HostServices, GuestRunning and the
+// guest's own reading in Guest.
+type Health struct {
+	DockerOK     bool                 `json:"docker_ok"`
+	NetworkOK    bool                 `json:"network_ok"`
+	Controller   string               `json:"controller"`
+	Containers   map[string]Container `json:"containers"`
+	HostServices map[string]string    `json:"host_services,omitempty"`
+	GuestRunning *bool                `json:"guest_running,omitempty"`
+	Guest        *Health              `json:"guest,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// WrapperReport is the wrapper's OSAPPLY-REPORT object.
+type WrapperReport struct {
+	Mode                string          `json:"mode"`
+	Layer               string          `json:"layer"`
+	Refused             json.RawMessage `json:"refused"`
+	Failed              json.RawMessage `json:"failed"`
+	Upgraded            []Package       `json:"upgraded"`
+	Installed           []Package       `json:"installed"`
+	Pending             []Pending       `json:"pending"`
+	RestartNeeded       []string        `json:"restart_needed"`
+	DockerRestartNeeded bool            `json:"docker_restart_needed"`
+	RebootNeeded        bool            `json:"reboot_needed"`
+	RebootScanned       bool            `json:"reboot_scanned"`
+	HealthBefore        *Health         `json:"health_before"`
+	HealthAfter         *Health         `json:"health_after"`
+	Health              *Health         `json:"health"`
+	PassSeconds         float64         `json:"pass_seconds"`
+	DockerEngine        string          `json:"docker_engine"`
+	Authority           string          `json:"authority"`
+	Undo                bool            `json:"undo"`
+	LiveRestore         json.RawMessage `json:"live_restore"`
+	Facts               json.RawMessage `json:"facts"`
+}
+
+func (w WrapperReport) refused() bool { return len(w.Refused) > 0 && string(w.Refused) != "null" }
+func (w WrapperReport) failed() bool  { return len(w.Failed) > 0 && string(w.Failed) != "null" }
+
+// Report is what the hub receives per layer (hub osupdates.Report — field-exact).
+type Report struct {
+	RunID               string          `json:"run_id"`
+	Layer               string          `json:"layer"`
+	Trigger             string          `json:"trigger"`
+	Mode                string          `json:"mode"`
+	Ring                int             `json:"ring"`
+	ReleaseID           string          `json:"release_id"`
+	Outcome             string          `json:"outcome"`
+	Healthy             bool            `json:"healthy"`
+	HealthReason        string          `json:"health_reason,omitempty"`
+	VMID                int             `json:"vmid"`
+	Upgraded            []Package       `json:"upgraded,omitempty"`
+	Installed           []Package       `json:"installed,omitempty"`
+	Pending             []Pending       `json:"pending,omitempty"`
+	NotCovered          []string        `json:"not_covered,omitempty"`
+	RestartNeeded       []string        `json:"restart_needed,omitempty"`
+	DockerRestartNeeded bool            `json:"docker_restart_needed,omitempty"`
+	RebootNeeded        bool            `json:"reboot_needed,omitempty"`
+	RebootScanned       bool            `json:"reboot_scanned,omitempty"` // the pass looked (host: every pass) — a false RebootNeeded then means "not needed"
+	Refused             json.RawMessage `json:"refused,omitempty"`
+	PassSeconds         float64         `json:"pass_seconds,omitempty"`
+	DockerEngine        string          `json:"docker_engine,omitempty"` // docker layer: the engine after the step
+	Authority           string          `json:"authority,omitempty"`     // docker layer: ring0 | signed
+	Undo                bool            `json:"undo,omitempty"`          // docker layer: a signed undo (downgrade)
+}
+
+// Reporter posts a report to the hub (*hub.Client).
+type Reporter interface {
+	PostOSReport(ctx context.Context, body []byte) error
+}
+
+// Leg runs one OS-update pass for the customer guest and then the host.
+type Leg struct {
+	Runner     proxmox.Runner
+	Hub        Reporter
+	Tunnel     hub.CloudflaredProber // the host health rule needs the tunnel `running` (R-841)
+	Appliance  bool                  // agent.json deployment_mode; the wrapper re-checks the ROOT-owned record (R12)
+	Logger     *slog.Logger
+	PlanDir    string
+	StatePath  string        // last night run (once per night)
+	HealthWait time.Duration // how long health may take to come back (default 5 min)
+	HealthPoll time.Duration // default 15 s
+	MinGap     time.Duration // between night runs (default 20 h)
+	Now        func() time.Time
+	Sleep      func(context.Context, time.Duration)
+
+	mu    sync.Mutex
+	block *hub.WireOSUpdate
+}
+
+// OnDesiredState stores the hub's os_update block (desired.RawConsumer — store only, never block).
+func (l *Leg) OnDesiredState(_ context.Context, resp *hub.DesiredStateResponse) {
+	if resp == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	defer l.mu.Unlock()
+	l.block = resp.DesiredState.OSUpdate
+}
+
+// Block returns the newest os_update block. No block (an older hub, or nothing fetched yet) = ring 1, ON, no
+// release: the box reports and installs nothing.
+func (l *Leg) Block() hub.WireOSUpdate {
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	defer l.mu.Unlock()
+	if l.block == nil {
+		return hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 1, Enabled: true}
+	}
+	return *l.block
+}
+
+// SetBlock sets the block directly (the selftest fetches the desired state itself).
+func (l *Leg) SetBlock(b *hub.WireOSUpdate) {
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	defer l.mu.Unlock()
+	l.block = b
+}
+
+func (l *Leg) now() time.Time {
+	if l.Now != nil {
+		return l.Now()
+	}
+	return time.Now()
+}
+
+func (l *Leg) log() *slog.Logger {
+	if l.Logger != nil {
+		return l.Logger
+	}
+	return slog.Default()
+}
+
+func (l *Leg) sleep(ctx context.Context, d time.Duration) {
+	if l.Sleep != nil {
+		l.Sleep(ctx, d)
+		return
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+	case <-time.After(d):
+	}
+}
+
+// IsFast reports whether every origin apt names is Debian / Debian-Security (the fast lane, `11` C3).
+func IsFast(origins []string) bool {
+	if len(origins) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, o := range origins {
+		if o != "Debian" && o != "Debian-Security" {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// HealthVerdict is THE guest health rule (`11` §8.1; pinned by TestHealthVerdict*): docker answers, the guest's
+// network resolves, the controller's own health check is `healthy`, and every container that was running at the
+// start of the pass runs again — and healthy again if it was. "starting" is not yet healthy.
+func HealthVerdict(before, after *Health) (bool, string) {
+	if after == nil {
+		return false, "no health reading"
+	}
+	if !after.DockerOK {
+		return false, "docker does not answer"
+	}
+	if !after.NetworkOK {
+		return false, "the guest cannot resolve deb.debian.org"
+	}
+	if after.Controller != "healthy" {
+		return false, "the controller is " + after.Controller
+	}
+	if before == nil {
+		return true, ""
+	}
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(before.Containers))
+	for n := range before.Containers {
+		names = append(names, n)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(names)
+	for _, n := range names {
+		b := before.Containers[n]
+		if b.State != "running" {
+			continue
+		}
+		a, ok := after.Containers[n]
+		if !ok || a.State != "running" {
+			return false, n + " was running and is not"
+		}
+		if b.Health == "healthy" && a.Health != "healthy" {
+			return false, n + " was healthy and is " + a.Health
+		}
+	}
+	return true, ""
+}
+
+// HostHealthVerdict is THE host health rule (`11` §8.2; pinned by TestHostHealthVerdict): the Proxmox daemons and the
+// agent are active, the customer guest still runs, the guest's own rule still passes against the start of the pass,
+// and the tunnel is `running` (R-841).
+func HostHealthVerdict(before, after *Health, tunnel string) (bool, string) {
+	if after == nil {
+		return false, "no health reading"
+	}
+	svcs := make([]string, 0, len(after.HostServices))
+	for s := range after.HostServices {
+		svcs = append(svcs, s)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(svcs)
+	if len(svcs) == 0 {
+		return false, "no host service reading"
+	}
+	for _, s := range svcs {
+		if after.HostServices[s] != "active" {
+			return false, s + " is " + after.HostServices[s]
+		}
+	}
+	if after.GuestRunning == nil || !*after.GuestRunning {
+		return false, "the customer guest is not running"
+	}
+	var gb *Health
+	if before != nil {
+		gb = before.Guest
+	}
+	if ok, why := HealthVerdict(gb, after.Guest); !ok {
+		return false, "guest: " + why
+	}
+	if tunnel != hub.TunnelRunning {
+		return false, "the tunnel is " + tunnel
+	}
+	return true, ""
+}
+
+// EngineOf is the engine version `docker version` prints for a docker-ce package version: "5:29.8.2-1~debian.13~trixie"
+// → "29.8.2" (no epoch, no Debian revision).
+func EngineOf(pkgVersion string) string {
+	v := pkgVersion
+	if i := strings.Index(v, ":"); i >= 0 {
+		v = v[i+1:]
+	}
+	if i := strings.Index(v, "-"); i >= 0 {
+		v = v[:i]
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// DockerHealthVerdict is THE Docker-step health rule (`11` §5.8; pinned by TestDockerHealthVerdict): the guest rule,
+// plus every container running at the start still runs as the SAME container (same id — a changed id means the
+// household's apps restarted, which `live-restore` exists to prevent), plus the engine now reports the version the step
+// installed (wantEngine "" = no engine change expected).
+func DockerHealthVerdict(before, after *Health, wantEngine, gotEngine string) (bool, string) {
+	if ok, why := HealthVerdict(before, after); !ok {
+		return false, why
+	}
+	if before != nil {
+		names := make([]string, 0, len(before.Containers))
+		for n := range before.Containers {
+			names = append(names, n)
+		}
+		sort.Strings(names)
+		for _, n := range names {
+			b := before.Containers[n]
+			if b.State != "running" || b.ID == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			if a := after.Containers[n]; a.ID != b.ID {
+				return false, n + " is a new container (id changed) — the engine step restarted it"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if wantEngine != "" && gotEngine != wantEngine {
+		return false, "the engine is " + gotEngine + ", not " + wantEngine
+	}
+	return true, ""
+}
+
+// call writes the plan and runs the wrapper once.
+func (l *Leg) call(ctx context.Context, runID string, plan map[string]any) (WrapperReport, error) {
+	dir := l.PlanDir
+	if dir == "" {
+		dir = DefaultPlanDir
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o700); err != nil {
+		return WrapperReport{}, fmt.Errorf("osupdate: plan dir: %w", err)
+	}
+	b, _ := json.Marshal(plan)
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, fmt.Sprintf("plan-%s-%s-%s.json", runID, plan["layer"], plan["mode"]))
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, b, 0o600); err != nil {
+		return WrapperReport{}, fmt.Errorf("osupdate: write plan: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(path)
+	stdout, stderr, err := l.Runner.Run(ctx, WrapperPath, "--plan", path)
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(string(stderr)), "\n") {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "os-apply: ") {
+			l.log().Info("osupdate: wrapper", "line", line)
+		}
+	}
+	var rep WrapperReport
+	found := false
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(string(stdout), "\n") {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "OSAPPLY-REPORT ") {
+			if jerr := json.Unmarshal([]byte(strings.TrimPrefix(line, "OSAPPLY-REPORT ")), &rep); jerr == nil {
+				found = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		return rep, fmt.Errorf("osupdate: wrapper gave no report (err %v): %s", err, strings.TrimSpace(string(stderr)))
+	}
+	return rep, nil // a refusal / failure is IN the report (exit 2 / 3), not an error here
+}
+
+// Pass is one leg's reports; an empty Layer means the step did not run.
+type Pass struct {
+	Guest, Host, Docker Report
+}
+
+// Run is one pass: the guest layer, then (on an appliance, after a good guest step) the host layer, then (ring 0
+// only, after good earlier steps) the Docker engine set. trigger is "night" or "debug".
+func (l *Leg) Run(ctx context.Context, vmid int, trigger string) Pass {
+	g, h := l.runFast(ctx, vmid, trigger)
+	p := Pass{Guest: g, Host: h}
+	if g.Outcome == "skipped" {
+		return p
+	}
+	blk := l.Block()
+	okStep := func(r Report) bool {
+		return (r.Outcome == "applied" || r.Outcome == "nothing" || r.Outcome == "inventory") && r.Healthy
+	}
+	lg := l.log().With("run", g.RunID, "vmid", vmid, "trigger", trigger)
+	switch {
+	case blk.Ring != 0 || !blk.Enabled:
+		lg.Info("osupdate: docker step skipped — ring 1 takes an engine set only inside a signed operator job (`11` §5.8)", "ring", blk.Ring, "enabled", blk.Enabled)
+	case !okStep(g) || (h.Layer != "" && !okStep(h)):
+		lg.Warn("osupdate: docker step skipped — an earlier step did not end healthy")
+	default:
+		if err := l.EnsureLiveRestore(ctx, g.RunID, vmid); err != nil {
+			p.Docker = l.finish(ctx, lg, Report{RunID: g.RunID, Layer: LayerDocker, Trigger: trigger, Ring: 0, VMID: vmid,
+				Mode: "apply", Outcome: "failed", HealthReason: "live-restore could not be turned on: " + err.Error()})
+			return p
+		}
+		p.Docker = l.runLayer(ctx, g.RunID, LayerDocker, vmid, trigger, blk, dockerOpts{})
+	}
+	return p
+}
+
+// dockerOpts is a signed Docker step (DockerStepExecutor); the zero value is ring 0's unsigned "pending-docker".
+type dockerOpts struct {
+	releaseID string
+	packages  []Package
+	undo      bool
+	signed    map[string]string // blob_b64, sig — the wrapper verifies them ITSELF
+}
+
+// EnsureLiveRestore is the ONE-TIME step of `09` decision 87: the wrapper merges `"live-restore": true` into the guest's
+// daemon.json and RELOADS docker (never a restart, R-835). A no-op when it is already on.
+func (l *Leg) EnsureLiveRestore(ctx context.Context, runID string, vmid int) error {
+	wr, err := l.call(ctx, runID, map[string]any{"release_id": "live-restore", "layer": LayerGuest, "lane": "fast",
+		"vmid": vmid, "mode": "live-restore-on", "packages": []Package{}})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if wr.refused() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("refused: %s", wr.Refused)
+	}
+	if wr.failed() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed: %s", wr.Failed)
+	}
+	l.log().Info("osupdate: live-restore", "vmid", vmid, "result", string(wr.LiveRestore))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Facts reads the box's versions through the wrapper's read-only facts mode (R-852): host Debian, kernels, held
+// packages, taint, the crash guard; guest Debian, Docker engine, containerd, live-restore. Raw JSON, the wrapper's shape.
+func (l *Leg) Facts(ctx context.Context, vmid int) (json.RawMessage, error) {
+	wr, err := l.call(ctx, "facts"+l.now().UTC().Format("150405"), map[string]any{"release_id": "facts", "layer": LayerHost,
+		"lane": "fast", "vmid": vmid, "mode": "facts", "packages": []Package{}})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if wr.refused() {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("facts refused: %s", wr.Refused)
+	}
+	if len(wr.Facts) == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("facts: the wrapper returned none (an older wrapper?)")
+	}
+	return wr.Facts, nil
+}
+
+// runFast is the guest + host fast lane (agent v0.141.x behaviour).
+func (l *Leg) runFast(ctx context.Context, vmid int, trigger string) (guest Report, host Report) {
+	runID := l.now().UTC().Format("20060102T150405Z")
+	lg := l.log().With("run", runID, "vmid", vmid, "trigger", trigger)
+	if trigger == "night" && l.StatePath != "" {
+		gap := l.MinGap
+		if gap == 0 {
+			gap = 20 * time.Hour
+		}
+		if b, err := os.ReadFile(l.StatePath); err == nil {
+			if last, perr := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, strings.TrimSpace(string(b))); perr == nil && l.now().Sub(last) < gap {
+				lg.Info("osupdate: skipped — already ran tonight", "last", last.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339))
+				return Report{RunID: runID, Layer: LayerGuest, Outcome: "skipped"}, Report{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	blk := l.Block()
+	guest = l.runLayer(ctx, runID, LayerGuest, vmid, trigger, blk, dockerOpts{})
+	if trigger == "night" && l.StatePath != "" {
+		_ = os.WriteFile(l.StatePath, []byte(l.now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)), 0o600)
+	}
+	switch {
+	case !l.Appliance:
+		lg.Info("osupdate: host step skipped — not an appliance install (a BYO host belongs to its owner, `11` §1)")
+	case !(guest.Outcome == "applied" || guest.Outcome == "nothing" || guest.Outcome == "inventory") || !guest.Healthy:
+		lg.Warn("osupdate: host step skipped — the guest step did not end healthy", "guest_outcome", guest.Outcome, "reason", guest.HealthReason)
+	default:
+		host = l.runLayer(ctx, runID, LayerHost, vmid, trigger, blk, dockerOpts{})
+	}
+	return guest, host
+}
+
+func (l *Leg) runLayer(ctx context.Context, runID, layer string, vmid int, trigger string, blk hub.WireOSUpdate, do dockerOpts) Report {
+	rel := hub.WireOSRelease{ID: "ring0-" + runID}
+	var wire *hub.WireOSRelease
+	switch layer {
+	case LayerGuest:
+		wire = blk.Release
+	case LayerHost:
+		wire = blk.HostRelease
+	}
+	lane := "fast"
+	if layer == LayerDocker {
+		lane = "slow"
+		if do.signed != nil {
+			rel = hub.WireOSRelease{ID: do.releaseID}
+		}
+	} else if blk.Ring == 1 {
+		rel = hub.WireOSRelease{}
+		if wire != nil {
+			rel = *wire
+		}
+	}
+	rep := Report{RunID: runID, Layer: layer, Trigger: trigger, Ring: blk.Ring, VMID: vmid, ReleaseID: rel.ID}
+	lg := l.log().With("run", runID, "layer", layer, "vmid", vmid, "ring", blk.Ring, "trigger", trigger)
+	lg.Info("osupdate: START", "enabled", blk.Enabled, "release", rel.ID)
+
+	plan := map[string]any{"release_id": rel.ID, "layer": layer, "lane": lane, "vmid": vmid, "snapshot": rel.Snapshot,
+		"packages": []Package{}, "mode": "apply", "select": "listed"}
+	if rel.ID == "" {
+		plan["release_id"] = "none"
+	}
+	planned := map[string]bool{}
+	switch {
+	case layer == LayerDocker && do.signed != nil:
+		plan["packages"], plan["signed"] = do.packages, do.signed
+		if do.undo {
+			plan["undo"] = true
+		}
+		for _, p := range do.packages {
+			planned[p.Name] = true
+		}
+	case layer == LayerDocker:
+		plan["select"] = "pending-docker" // ring 0: the wrapper checks the box's ROOT-OWNED ring-0 mark itself
+	case !blk.Enabled:
+		plan["mode"] = "inventory"
+		lg.Info("osupdate: switched OFF for this box — reporting only")
+	case blk.Ring == 0:
+		plan["select"] = "pending-fast" // the wrapper picks every pending Debian / Debian-Security upgrade
+	case len(rel.Packages) == 0:
+		plan["mode"] = "inventory" // ring 1 with no approved release for this layer: nothing to install
+	default:
+		var pk []Package
+		for _, p := range rel.Packages {
+			pk = append(pk, Package{Name: p.Name, Version: p.Version, Origin: p.Origin})
+			planned[p.Name] = true
+		}
+		plan["packages"] = pk
+	}
+	rep.Mode = plan["mode"].(string)
+	wr, err := l.call(ctx, runID, plan)
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		rep.Outcome, rep.HealthReason = "failed", err.Error()
+		return l.finish(ctx, lg, rep)
+	case wr.refused():
+		rep.Outcome, rep.Refused = "refused", wr.Refused
+		return l.finish(ctx, lg, rep)
+	case wr.failed():
+		rep.Outcome, rep.Refused = "failed", wr.Failed
+	}
+	rep.Upgraded, rep.PassSeconds = wr.Upgraded, wr.PassSeconds
+	rep.DockerEngine, rep.Authority, rep.Undo = wr.DockerEngine, wr.Authority, wr.Undo
+	if rep.Outcome == "" {
+		switch {
+		case rep.Mode == "inventory" && !blk.Enabled:
+			rep.Outcome = "inventory"
+		case len(wr.Upgraded) == 0:
+			rep.Outcome = "nothing"
+		default:
+			rep.Outcome = "applied"
+		}
+	}
+	if blk.Ring == 0 {
+		for _, u := range wr.Upgraded {
+			planned[u.Name] = true
+		}
+	}
+	// Health: compare with the start of the pass; give restarted services time (only after an install).
+	cur := wr.HealthAfter
+	wantEngine := ""
+	for _, u := range wr.Upgraded {
+		if u.Name == "docker-ce" {
+			wantEngine = EngineOf(u.Version)
+		}
+	}
+	verdict := func(h *Health) (bool, string) {
+		if layer == LayerDocker {
+			return DockerHealthVerdict(wr.HealthBefore, h, wantEngine, wr.DockerEngine)
+		}
+		if layer == LayerHost {
+			t := hub.TunnelUnknown
+			if l.Tunnel != nil {
+				t, _ = l.Tunnel.Status(ctx)
+			}
+			return HostHealthVerdict(wr.HealthBefore, h, t)
+		}
+		return HealthVerdict(wr.HealthBefore, h)
+	}
+	if len(wr.Upgraded) > 0 {
+		wait, poll := l.HealthWait, l.HealthPoll
+		if wait == 0 {
+			wait = 5 * time.Minute
+		}
+		if poll == 0 {
+			poll = 15 * time.Second
+		}
+		deadline := l.now().Add(wait)
+		for {
+			ok, why := verdict(cur)
+			rep.Healthy, rep.HealthReason = ok, why
+			if ok || !l.now().Before(deadline) || ctx.Err() != nil {
+				break
+			}
+			l.sleep(ctx, poll)
+			hp := map[string]any{"release_id": plan["release_id"], "layer": layer, "lane": lane, "vmid": vmid, "mode": "health", "packages": []Package{}}
+			hr, herr := l.call(ctx, runID, hp)
+			if herr == nil && hr.Health != nil {
+				cur = hr.Health
+			}
+		}
+		if !rep.Healthy && rep.Outcome == "applied" {
+			rep.Outcome = "health_failed"
+		}
+	} else {
+		rep.Healthy, rep.HealthReason = verdict(cur)
+	}
+	rep.Installed, rep.Pending = wr.Installed, wr.Pending
+	rep.RestartNeeded, rep.DockerRestartNeeded, rep.RebootNeeded = wr.RestartNeeded, wr.DockerRestartNeeded, wr.RebootNeeded
+	rep.RebootScanned = wr.RebootScanned
+	if layer == LayerDocker {
+		// the docker report carries the engine set only (the guest report already carries the Debian packages)
+		rep.Installed, rep.Pending = onlyDocker(wr.Installed), onlyDockerPending(wr.Pending)
+		rep.NotCovered = nil
+	} else {
+		rep.NotCovered = notCovered(wr.Pending, blk.Ring, planned)
+	}
+	return l.finish(ctx, lg, rep)
+}
+
+func onlyDocker(in []Package) []Package {
+	var out []Package
+	for _, p := range in {
+		if DockerNames[p.Name] {
+			out = append(out, p)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func onlyDockerPending(in []Pending) []Pending {
+	var out []Pending
+	for _, p := range in {
+		if DockerNames[p.Name] {
+			out = append(out, p)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// notCovered lists pending updates no approved release covers: in ring 0 everything outside the fast lane; in ring 1
+// also every fast-lane update the release did not name.
+func notCovered(pending []Pending, ring int, planned map[string]bool) []string {
+	var out []string
+	for _, p := range pending {
+		if !IsFast(p.Origin) || (ring == 1 && !planned[p.Name]) {
+			out = append(out, p.Name)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (l *Leg) finish(ctx context.Context, lg *slog.Logger, rep Report) Report {
+	lg.Info("osupdate: DONE", "outcome", rep.Outcome, "healthy", rep.Healthy, "reason", rep.HealthReason,
+		"upgraded", len(rep.Upgraded), "pending", len(rep.Pending), "not_covered", len(rep.NotCovered),
+		"restart_needed", len(rep.RestartNeeded), "reboot_needed", rep.RebootNeeded, "wrapper_seconds", rep.PassSeconds)
+	if l.Hub != nil {
+		body, _ := json.Marshal(rep)
+		rctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.WithoutCancel(ctx), time.Minute)
+		defer cancel()
+		if err := l.Hub.PostOSReport(rctx, body); err != nil {
+			lg.Warn("osupdate: reporting to the hub failed (the run itself is done)", "err", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return rep
+}

internal/osupdate/leg_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+package osupdate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/hub"
+)
+
+// fakeWrapper plays /usr/local/sbin/felhom-os-apply: it reads the plan the leg wrote and answers per layer and mode.
+type fakeWrapper struct {
+	t         *testing.T
+	pending   []Pending
+	applyRep  map[string]WrapperReport // per layer
+	healthSeq map[string][]*Health     // per layer: answers to successive "health" calls
+	plans     []map[string]any
+}
+
+func yes() *bool { b := true; return &b }
+
+func guestOK() *Health {
+	return &Health{DockerOK: true, NetworkOK: true, Controller: "healthy", Containers: map[string]Container{
+		"felhom-controller": {State: "running", Health: "healthy"}, "app": {State: "running", Health: "healthy"}}}
+}
+
+func hostOK() *Health {
+	return &Health{HostServices: map[string]string{"pveproxy": "active", "pvedaemon": "active", "pvestatd": "active",
+		"pve-cluster": "active", "felhom-agent": "active"}, GuestRunning: yes(), Guest: guestOK()}
+}
+
+func (f *fakeWrapper) Run(_ context.Context, name string, args ...string) ([]byte, []byte, error) {
+	if name != WrapperPath || len(args) != 2 || args[0] != "--plan" {
+		f.t.Fatalf("unexpected command %s %v", name, args)
+	}
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(args[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		f.t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var plan map[string]any
+	json.Unmarshal(b, &plan)
+	f.plans = append(f.plans, plan)
+	layer := plan["layer"].(string)
+	ok := guestOK()
+	if layer == LayerHost {
+		ok = hostOK()
+	}
+	var rep WrapperReport
+	switch plan["mode"] {
+	case "inventory":
+		rep = WrapperReport{Mode: "inventory", Pending: f.pending, HealthBefore: ok, HealthAfter: ok,
+			Installed: []Package{{Name: "libc6", Version: "u3", Origin: "Debian"}}}
+	case "apply":
+		rep = f.applyRep[layer]
+		rep.Mode = "apply"
+		if rep.HealthBefore == nil {
+			rep.HealthBefore = ok
+		}
+		if rep.HealthAfter == nil {
+			rep.HealthAfter = ok
+		}
+	case "health":
+		if seq := f.healthSeq[layer]; len(seq) > 0 {
+			rep.Health, f.healthSeq[layer] = seq[0], seq[1:]
+		} else {
+			rep.Health = ok
+		}
+	}
+	out, _ := json.Marshal(rep)
+	return []byte("OSAPPLY-REPORT " + string(out) + "\n"), []byte("os-apply: DONE rc=0\n"), nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeWrapper) RunStdin(ctx context.Context, _ io.Reader, name string, args ...string) ([]byte, []byte, error) {
+	return f.Run(ctx, name, args...)
+}
+
+type fakeHub struct{ reports []Report }
+
+func (h *fakeHub) PostOSReport(_ context.Context, body []byte) error {
+	var r Report
+	json.Unmarshal(body, &r)
+	h.reports = append(h.reports, r)
+	return nil
+}
+
+type fakeTunnel struct{ st string }
+
+func (t fakeTunnel) Status(context.Context) (string, string) { return t.st, "" }
+
+func newLeg(t *testing.T, w *fakeWrapper, blk *hub.WireOSUpdate) (*Leg, *fakeHub) {
+	h := &fakeHub{}
+	now := time.Date(2026, 10, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	if w.applyRep == nil {
+		w.applyRep = map[string]WrapperReport{}
+	}
+	if w.healthSeq == nil {
+		w.healthSeq = map[string][]*Health{}
+	}
+	l := &Leg{Runner: w, Hub: h, PlanDir: t.TempDir(), StatePath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "last"),
+		HealthWait: time.Minute, HealthPoll: 10 * time.Second, Appliance: true, Tunnel: fakeTunnel{hub.TunnelRunning},
+		Now:   func() time.Time { return now },
+		Sleep: func(_ context.Context, d time.Duration) { now = now.Add(d) }}
+	if blk != nil {
+		l.SetBlock(blk)
+	}
+	return l, h
+}
+
+var pend = []Pending{
+	{Name: "libc6", From: "u3", To: "u4", Origin: []string{"Debian"}},
+	{Name: "openssl", From: "u1", To: "u3", Origin: []string{"Debian-Security", "Debian"}},
+	{Name: "docker-ce", From: "29.7", To: "29.8", Origin: []string{"Docker CE"}},
+}
+
+func calls(w *fakeWrapper) string {
+	var m []string
+	for _, p := range w.plans {
+		m = append(m, p["layer"].(string)+":"+p["mode"].(string))
+	}
+	return strings.Join(m, ",")
+}
+
+// Ring 0: ONE wrapper call per layer (R-845), select pending-fast (the wrapper picks every Debian / Debian-Security
+// upgrade), from live sources; the guest step first, then the host step.
+func TestRing0_OneCallPerLayer(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t, pending: pend, applyRep: map[string]WrapperReport{
+		LayerGuest: {Upgraded: []Package{{Name: "libc6", Version: "u4"}, {Name: "openssl", Version: "u3"}}, Pending: pend[2:]},
+		LayerHost:  {Upgraded: []Package{{Name: "openssl", Version: "u3"}}},
+	}}
+	l, h := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 0, Enabled: true})
+	g, ho := run2(l, "night")
+	if g.Outcome != "applied" || !g.Healthy || ho.Outcome != "applied" || !ho.Healthy {
+		t.Fatalf("guest %+v\nhost %+v", g, ho)
+	}
+	if calls(w) != "guest:apply,host:apply,guest:live-restore-on,docker:apply" {
+		t.Fatalf("calls = %s, want one apply per layer, guest first, then live-restore and the ring-0 docker step", calls(w))
+	}
+	for _, p := range w.plans[:2] {
+		if p["select"] != "pending-fast" || p["snapshot"] != "" || len(p["packages"].([]any)) != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("ring-0 plan = %v", p)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(g.NotCovered) != 1 || g.NotCovered[0] != "docker-ce" {
+		t.Fatalf("not covered = %v", g.NotCovered)
+	}
+	if len(h.reports) != 3 || h.reports[0].Layer != LayerGuest || h.reports[1].Layer != LayerHost || h.reports[2].Layer != LayerDocker {
+		t.Fatalf("hub got %+v", h.reports)
+	}
+}
+
+// Ring 1 installs EXACTLY each layer's own approved release (a guest release is not a host release).
+func TestRing1_EachLayerItsOwnRelease(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t, pending: pend, applyRep: map[string]WrapperReport{
+		LayerGuest: {Upgraded: []Package{{Name: "libc6", Version: "g-u4"}}, Pending: pend[1:]},
+		LayerHost:  {Upgraded: []Package{{Name: "openssl", Version: "h-u3"}}},
+	}}
+	gr := &hub.WireOSRelease{ID: "os-g", Snapshot: "20261004T080000Z", Packages: []hub.WireOSPackage{{Name: "libc6", Version: "g-u4", Origin: "Debian"}}}
+	hr := &hub.WireOSRelease{ID: "os-h", Snapshot: "20261004T090000Z", Packages: []hub.WireOSPackage{{Name: "openssl", Version: "h-u3", Origin: "Debian-Security"}}}
+	l, _ := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 1, Enabled: true, Release: gr, HostRelease: hr})
+	g, ho := run2(l, "night")
+	if g.ReleaseID != "os-g" || ho.ReleaseID != "os-h" {
+		t.Fatalf("release ids %q %q", g.ReleaseID, ho.ReleaseID)
+	}
+	gp, hp := w.plans[0], w.plans[1]
+	if gp["snapshot"] != "20261004T080000Z" || gp["packages"].([]any)[0].(map[string]any)["version"] != "g-u4" {
+		t.Fatalf("guest plan %v", gp)
+	}
+	if hp["layer"] != LayerHost || hp["snapshot"] != "20261004T090000Z" || hp["packages"].([]any)[0].(map[string]any)["name"] != "openssl" {
+		t.Fatalf("host plan %v", hp)
+	}
+	if strings.Join(g.NotCovered, ",") != "openssl,docker-ce" {
+		t.Fatalf("guest not covered = %v", g.NotCovered)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRing1_NoReleaseIsInventory(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t, pending: pend}
+	l, _ := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 1, Enabled: true})
+	g, ho := run2(l, "night")
+	if g.Outcome != "nothing" || ho.Outcome != "nothing" || calls(w) != "guest:inventory,host:inventory" {
+		t.Fatalf("g=%+v h=%+v calls=%s", g, ho, calls(w))
+	}
+}
+
+// No block from the hub (an older hub): ring 1, ON, no release → reports, installs nothing.
+func TestNoBlock_IsRing1Nothing(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t, pending: pend}
+	l, _ := newLeg(t, w, nil)
+	if g, _ := run2(l, "night"); g.Outcome != "nothing" || g.Ring != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("g=%+v calls=%s", g, calls(w))
+	}
+}
+
+// Switched OFF: the box reports but installs nothing, on both layers.
+func TestSwitchOff_ReportsOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t, pending: pend}
+	l, h := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 0, Enabled: false})
+	g, ho := run2(l, "night")
+	if g.Outcome != "inventory" || ho.Outcome != "inventory" || calls(w) != "guest:inventory,host:inventory" || len(h.reports) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("g=%+v h=%+v calls=%s", g, ho, calls(w))
+	}
+}
+
+// Not an appliance (BYO, `11` §1): the host step never runs — no host plan at all.
+func TestBYO_NoHostPlan(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t, pending: pend, applyRep: map[string]WrapperReport{LayerGuest: {Upgraded: []Package{{Name: "libc6"}}}}}
+	l, h := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 0, Enabled: true})
+	l.Appliance = false
+	_, ho := run2(l, "night")
+	// the guest (and so its Docker engine) is ours on a BYO box too: only the HOST is the owner's
+	if ho.Outcome != "" || calls(w) != "guest:apply,guest:live-restore-on,docker:apply" || len(h.reports) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("a BYO box got a host step: host=%+v calls=%s", ho, calls(w))
+	}
+}
+
+// A failed guest step skips the host step that night.
+func TestGuestFailure_SkipsTheHost(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t, pending: pend, applyRep: map[string]WrapperReport{
+		LayerGuest: {Refused: json.RawMessage(`{"code":"R6","reason":"x"}`)}}}
+	l, _ := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 0, Enabled: true})
+	g, ho := run2(l, "night")
+	if g.Outcome != "refused" || ho.Outcome != "" || calls(w) != "guest:apply" {
+		t.Fatalf("g=%+v h=%+v calls=%s", g, ho, calls(w))
+	}
+}
+
+// Unhealthy after the run, and still unhealthy at the end of the wait → health_failed; the host step is skipped.
+func TestHealth_FailsAfterTheWait(t *testing.T) {
+	bad := &Health{DockerOK: true, NetworkOK: true, Controller: "healthy", Containers: map[string]Container{
+		"felhom-controller": {State: "running", Health: "healthy"}, "app": {State: "exited"}}}
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t, pending: pend, applyRep: map[string]WrapperReport{LayerGuest: {Upgraded: []Package{{Name: "libc6"}}, HealthAfter: bad}},
+		healthSeq: map[string][]*Health{LayerGuest: {bad, bad, bad, bad, bad, bad, bad, bad}}}
+	l, h := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 0, Enabled: true})
+	g, ho := run2(l, "night")
+	if g.Outcome != "health_failed" || g.Healthy || !strings.Contains(g.HealthReason, "app was running") || ho.Outcome != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("g=%+v h=%+v", g, ho)
+	}
+	if h.reports[0].Outcome != "health_failed" {
+		t.Fatal("the hub was not told")
+	}
+}
+
+// A service that takes a moment to come back is not a failure: the poll sees it recover inside the wait.
+func TestHealth_RecoversInsideTheWait(t *testing.T) {
+	starting := &Health{DockerOK: true, NetworkOK: true, Controller: "starting"}
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t, pending: pend, applyRep: map[string]WrapperReport{LayerGuest: {Upgraded: []Package{{Name: "libc6"}}, HealthAfter: starting}},
+		healthSeq: map[string][]*Health{LayerGuest: {starting}}}
+	l, _ := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 0, Enabled: true})
+	if g, _ := run2(l, "night"); g.Outcome != "applied" || !g.Healthy {
+		t.Fatalf("g = %+v", g)
+	}
+}
+
+// The host step judged unhealthy when the tunnel is down after it.
+func TestHost_TunnelDownFailsTheHostStep(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t, pending: pend, applyRep: map[string]WrapperReport{LayerHost: {Upgraded: []Package{{Name: "openssl"}}}}}
+	l, _ := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 0, Enabled: true})
+	l.Tunnel = fakeTunnel{hub.TunnelNotRunning}
+	_, ho := run2(l, "night")
+	if ho.Outcome != "health_failed" || !strings.Contains(ho.HealthReason, "tunnel") {
+		t.Fatalf("host = %+v", ho)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHealthVerdict(t *testing.T) {
+	ok := &Health{DockerOK: true, NetworkOK: true, Controller: "healthy", Containers: map[string]Container{"a": {State: "running", Health: "healthy"}}}
+	cases := []struct {
+		name   string
+		before *Health
+		after  *Health
+		want   bool
+	}{
+		{"all good", ok, ok, true},
+		{"no reading", ok, nil, false},
+		{"docker down", ok, &Health{NetworkOK: true, Controller: "healthy"}, false},
+		{"no network", ok, &Health{DockerOK: true, Controller: "healthy"}, false},
+		{"controller starting", ok, &Health{DockerOK: true, NetworkOK: true, Controller: "starting"}, false},
+		{"only the controller differs", ok, &Health{DockerOK: true, NetworkOK: true, Controller: "unhealthy", Containers: map[string]Container{"a": {State: "running", Health: "healthy"}}}, false},
+		{"app gone", ok, &Health{DockerOK: true, NetworkOK: true, Controller: "healthy", Containers: map[string]Container{}}, false},
+		{"app unhealthy", ok, &Health{DockerOK: true, NetworkOK: true, Controller: "healthy", Containers: map[string]Container{"a": {State: "running", Health: "unhealthy"}}}, false},
+		{"stopped before stays stopped", &Health{Containers: map[string]Container{"x": {State: "exited"}}}, &Health{DockerOK: true, NetworkOK: true, Controller: "healthy"}, true},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		if got, why := HealthVerdict(c.before, c.after); got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("%s: got %v (%s), want %v", c.name, got, why, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// The host rule: every listed daemon active, the guest running and passing its own rule, the tunnel running.
+// Red-proofs: drop any one check and its case fails.
+func TestHostHealthVerdict(t *testing.T) {
+	no := false
+	svcDown := hostOK()
+	svcDown.HostServices["pveproxy"] = "failed"
+	guestDown := hostOK()
+	guestDown.GuestRunning = &no
+	guestApp := hostOK()
+	guestApp.Guest = &Health{DockerOK: true, NetworkOK: true, Controller: "healthy", Containers: map[string]Container{"felhom-controller": {State: "running", Health: "healthy"}}}
+	cases := []struct {
+		name   string
+		after  *Health
+		tunnel string
+		want   bool
+		why    string
+	}{
+		{"all good", hostOK(), hub.TunnelRunning, true, ""},
+		{"a daemon down", svcDown, hub.TunnelRunning, false, "pveproxy"},
+		{"the guest stopped", guestDown, hub.TunnelRunning, false, "guest is not running"},
+		{"an app in the guest gone", guestApp, hub.TunnelRunning, false, "app was running"},
+		{"the tunnel down", hostOK(), hub.TunnelNotRunning, false, "tunnel"},
+		{"the tunnel unknown", hostOK(), hub.TunnelUnknown, false, "tunnel"},
+		{"no services read", &Health{GuestRunning: yes(), Guest: guestOK()}, hub.TunnelRunning, false, "no host service"},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		got, why := HostHealthVerdict(hostOK(), c.after, c.tunnel)
+		if got != c.want || !strings.Contains(why, c.why) {
+			t.Errorf("%s: got %v (%s), want %v (…%s…)", c.name, got, why, c.want, c.why)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOncePerNight(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t, pending: pend, applyRep: map[string]WrapperReport{LayerGuest: {Upgraded: []Package{{Name: "libc6"}}}}}
+	l, _ := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 0, Enabled: true})
+	run2(l, "night")
+	n := len(w.plans)
+	if g, _ := run2(l, "night"); g.Outcome != "skipped" || len(w.plans) != n {
+		t.Fatalf("a second night run in the same night ran: %+v", g)
+	}
+	if g, _ := run2(l, "debug"); g.Outcome == "skipped" {
+		t.Fatal("the debug action must not be throttled")
+	}
+}
+
+// The root wrapper's own suite (configs/test_felhom_os_apply.py) runs with `go test ./...` so CI covers it.
+func TestWrapperSuite(t *testing.T) {
+	py, err := exec.LookPath("python3")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skip("python3 not available")
+	}
+	// the OS wrapper and (agent v0.142.0) the crash guard — both root programs in configs/ with their own suites
+	for _, suite := range []string{"../../configs/test_felhom_os_apply.py", "../../configs/test_felhom_crash_guard.py"} {
+		cmd := exec.Command(py, "-B", suite)
+		out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("%s failed: %v\n%s", suite, err, out)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(string(out), "OK") {
+			t.Fatalf("%s did not report OK:\n%s", suite, out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// The host's restart scan result reaches the hub with reboot_scanned, so the hub can tell "looked: not needed" (a
+// reboot cleared it) from "did not look". Red-proof: drop the RebootScanned copy in runLayer and this fails.
+func TestHostReport_CarriesRebootScanned(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t, applyRep: map[string]WrapperReport{
+		LayerGuest: {},
+		LayerHost:  {RebootScanned: true, RebootNeeded: true, RestartNeeded: []string{"lxc-start"}},
+	}}
+	l, h := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 0, Enabled: true})
+	run2(l, "night")
+	if len(h.reports) != 3 || !h.reports[1].RebootScanned || !h.reports[1].RebootNeeded || h.reports[0].RebootScanned {
+		t.Fatalf("hub got %+v", h.reports)
+	}
+}
+
+// run2 is the guest + host reports of one pass (the tests written before the docker step).
+func run2(l *Leg, trigger string) (Report, Report) {
+	p := l.Run(context.Background(), 9201, trigger)
+	return p.Guest, p.Host
+}
+
+// ---- the Docker step (`11` §5.8, agent v0.142.0) ----
+
+// Ring 1 never takes an engine step in the night leg — only inside a signed operator job. Red-proof: drop the
+// `blk.Ring != 0` case in Run and the ring-1 pass makes a docker call.
+func TestDocker_Ring1NightLegNeverSteps(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t}
+	l, _ := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 1, Enabled: true})
+	p := l.Run(context.Background(), 9201, "night")
+	if p.Docker.Layer != "" || strings.Contains(calls(w), "docker") || strings.Contains(calls(w), "live-restore") {
+		t.Fatalf("ring 1 took a docker step: %s", calls(w))
+	}
+}
+
+// An unhealthy earlier step skips the docker step.
+func TestDocker_SkippedAfterAnUnhealthyStep(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t, applyRep: map[string]WrapperReport{LayerGuest: {Upgraded: []Package{{Name: "libc6"}}}},
+		healthSeq: map[string][]*Health{}}
+	bad := guestOK()
+	bad.Controller = "unhealthy"
+	w.applyRep[LayerGuest] = WrapperReport{Upgraded: []Package{{Name: "libc6"}}, HealthAfter: bad}
+	w.healthSeq[LayerGuest] = []*Health{bad, bad, bad, bad, bad, bad, bad, bad}
+	l, _ := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 0, Enabled: true})
+	p := l.Run(context.Background(), 9201, "night")
+	if p.Docker.Layer != "" || strings.Contains(calls(w), "docker") {
+		t.Fatalf("docker step ran after an unhealthy guest step: %s", calls(w))
+	}
+}
+
+// The docker plan is the slow lane, pending-docker for ring 0; the report carries only the engine set.
+func TestDocker_Ring0PlanAndReport(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t, applyRep: map[string]WrapperReport{LayerDocker: {
+		Upgraded:     []Package{{Name: "docker-ce", Version: "5:29.8.2-1~debian.13~trixie"}},
+		Installed:    []Package{{Name: "docker-ce", Version: "5:29.8.2-1~debian.13~trixie", Origin: "Docker"}, {Name: "libc6", Version: "u4", Origin: "Debian"}},
+		DockerEngine: "29.8.2", Authority: "ring0"}}}
+	l, _ := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 0, Enabled: true})
+	p := l.Run(context.Background(), 9201, "night")
+	dp := w.plans[len(w.plans)-1]
+	if dp["layer"] != "docker" || dp["lane"] != "slow" || dp["select"] != "pending-docker" {
+		t.Fatalf("docker plan = %v", dp)
+	}
+	d := p.Docker
+	if d.Outcome != "applied" || !d.Healthy || d.DockerEngine != "29.8.2" || len(d.Installed) != 1 || d.Installed[0].Name != "docker-ce" {
+		t.Fatalf("docker report = %+v", d)
+	}
+}
+
+// THE docker health rule. Red-proof: drop the id comparison (or the engine check) in DockerHealthVerdict and a case fails.
+func TestDockerHealthVerdict(t *testing.T) {
+	before := guestOK()
+	before.Containers = map[string]Container{"felhom-controller": {State: "running", Health: "healthy", ID: "a"},
+		"app": {State: "running", Health: "healthy", ID: "b"}}
+	same := guestOK()
+	same.Containers = map[string]Container{"felhom-controller": {State: "running", Health: "healthy", ID: "a"},
+		"app": {State: "running", Health: "healthy", ID: "b"}}
+	moved := guestOK()
+	moved.Containers = map[string]Container{"felhom-controller": {State: "running", Health: "healthy", ID: "a"},
+		"app": {State: "running", Health: "healthy", ID: "c"}}
+	if ok, why := DockerHealthVerdict(before, same, "29.8.2", "29.8.2"); !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("same ids, right engine: %s", why)
+	}
+	if ok, _ := DockerHealthVerdict(before, moved, "29.8.2", "29.8.2"); ok {
+		t.Fatal("a changed container id passed — live-restore failed and the apps restarted")
+	}
+	if ok, _ := DockerHealthVerdict(before, same, "29.8.2", "29.7.2"); ok {
+		t.Fatal("the engine did not move and the step passed")
+	}
+	if EngineOf("5:29.8.2-1~debian.13~trixie") != "29.8.2" {
+		t.Fatalf("EngineOf = %q", EngineOf("5:29.8.2-1~debian.13~trixie"))
+	}
+}
+
+// A changed id after the step → health_failed (the consequence, not only the verdict).
+func TestDocker_ChangedIDIsHealthFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	before := guestOK()
+	before.Containers = map[string]Container{"felhom-controller": {State: "running", Health: "healthy", ID: "a"}}
+	after := guestOK()
+	after.Containers = map[string]Container{"felhom-controller": {State: "running", Health: "healthy", ID: "z"}}
+	w := &fakeWrapper{t: t, applyRep: map[string]WrapperReport{LayerDocker: {
+		Upgraded: []Package{{Name: "docker-ce", Version: "5:29.8.2-1"}}, DockerEngine: "29.8.2",
+		HealthBefore: before, HealthAfter: after}}, healthSeq: map[string][]*Health{}}
+	w.healthSeq[LayerDocker] = []*Health{after, after, after, after, after, after, after, after}
+	l, _ := newLeg(t, w, &hub.WireOSUpdate{Ring: 0, Enabled: true})
+	p := l.Run(context.Background(), 9201, "night")
+	if p.Docker.Outcome != "health_failed" || !strings.Contains(p.Docker.HealthReason, "id changed") {
+		t.Fatalf("docker = %+v", p.Docker)
+	}
+}

internal/proxmox/types.go

@@ -219,15 +219,18 @@ type Storage struct {
 	UsedFraction float64 `json:"used_fraction,omitempty"`
 
 	// Type-specific config (durable_id sources).
-	Server      string `json:"server,omitempty"`      // nfs/cifs/pbs server host
-	Export      string `json:"export,omitempty"`      // nfs export path
-	Share       string `json:"share,omitempty"`       // cifs share name
-	Datastore   string `json:"datastore,omitempty"`   // pbs datastore name
-	Fingerprint string `json:"fingerprint,omitempty"` // pbs server cert fingerprint
-	Username    string `json:"username,omitempty"`    // pbs auth id, e.g. "felhom@pbs!n100"
-	Namespace   string `json:"namespace,omitempty"`   // pbs namespace ("" = root; per-customer tenancy = S4)
-	VGName      string `json:"vgname,omitempty"`      // lvm/lvmthin volume group
-	ThinPool    string `json:"thinpool,omitempty"`    // lvmthin pool LV name
+	Server string `json:"server,omitempty"` // nfs/cifs/pbs server host
+	// EncryptionKey is the storage's own client-side key FINGERPRINT (pbs; the key itself stays in
+	// /etc/pve/priv). R-727: an archive encrypted with any other key was written by another box.
+	EncryptionKey string `json:"encryption-key,omitempty"`
+	Export        string `json:"export,omitempty"`      // nfs export path
+	Share         string `json:"share,omitempty"`       // cifs share name
+	Datastore     string `json:"datastore,omitempty"`   // pbs datastore name
+	Fingerprint   string `json:"fingerprint,omitempty"` // pbs server cert fingerprint
+	Username      string `json:"username,omitempty"`    // pbs auth id, e.g. "felhom@pbs!n100"
+	Namespace     string `json:"namespace,omitempty"`   // pbs namespace ("" = root; per-customer tenancy = S4)
+	VGName        string `json:"vgname,omitempty"`      // lvm/lvmthin volume group
+	ThinPool      string `json:"thinpool,omitempty"`    // lvmthin pool LV name
 }
 
 // StorageContent is one entry of GET /nodes/{node}/storage/{store}/content
@@ -239,4 +242,7 @@ type StorageContent struct {
 	Size    int64  `json:"size"`
 	CTime   int64  `json:"ctime"`
 	VMID    int    `json:"vmid,omitempty"`
+	// Encrypted is the fingerprint of the key a PBS archive was encrypted with ("" = not encrypted). R-727:
+	// the restore test reads it to tell THIS box's archives from an earlier box's in the same namespace.
+	Encrypted string `json:"encrypted,omitempty"`
 }

internal/reconcile/bringup.go

@@ -302,6 +302,19 @@ func (e *Engine) runBringUp(ctx context.Context, spec BringUpSpec, res *BringUpR
 		}
 	}
 
+	// R-834: DR keeps the archive's `onboot: 1`, binds the host's REAL drives (4d) and STARTS the guest
+	// — right on a replaced host, where the original is gone. Beside a LIVE original it would be a
+	// second controller for the same household on the same drives. So DR refuses when this host
+	// still carries the original (the archive's source VMID) or any guest that binds the drives.
+	// A copy beside the original is the restore-test's job (onboot=0, throwaway stand-ins, torn
+	// down) or the runbook's beside-restore. Pinned by TestRunBringUp_DRRefusesBesideALiveOriginal.
+	if spec.Mode == ModeDRGuestLoss {
+		if why := e.liveOriginalBeside(ctx, lxc, spec.Archive); why != "" {
+			res.Err = fmt.Errorf("reconcile: dr bring-up refused: %s — a DR restore beside a live original would run two boxes on the same drives (R-834)", why)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	base := JournalEntry{OpID: e.bringUpOpID(spec.VMID), VMID: spec.VMID, Kind: bringUpKind, Rollback: true}
 
 	// OWN the rollback BEFORE any mutation. From here a crash leaves an in-flight Rollback
@@ -734,3 +747,47 @@ func net0MAC(cfg proxmox.GuestConfig) string {
 	}
 	return ""
 }
+
+// archiveSourceVMID reads the source guest's VMID from a backup volid: a vzdump file
+// (`…/vzdump-lxc-<vmid>-<date>.tar.zst`) or a PBS snapshot (`…:backup/ct/<vmid>/<time>`). 0 = unknown.
+func archiveSourceVMID(archive string) int {
+	if i := strings.Index(archive, "vzdump-lxc-"); i >= 0 {
+		rest := archive[i+len("vzdump-lxc-"):]
+		if j := strings.Index(rest, "-"); j > 0 {
+			if n, err := strconv.Atoi(rest[:j]); err == nil {
+				return n
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if i := strings.Index(archive, "ct/"); i >= 0 {
+		rest := archive[i+len("ct/"):]
+		if j := strings.Index(rest, "/"); j > 0 {
+			if n, err := strconv.Atoi(rest[:j]); err == nil {
+				return n
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// liveOriginalBeside says why a DR bring-up would land beside a live original ("" = it would not):
+// the archive's source guest still exists here, or a guest binds the drives parent. Fails CLOSED: a
+// guest whose config cannot be read cannot be ruled out.
+func (e *Engine) liveOriginalBeside(ctx context.Context, lxc []proxmox.Guest, archive string) string {
+	src := archiveSourceVMID(archive)
+	for _, g := range lxc {
+		if src > 0 && g.VMID == src {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("the archive's source guest %d still exists on this host (status %s)", g.VMID, g.Status)
+		}
+		cfg, err := e.api.GuestConfig(ctx, g.VMID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("guest %d's config could not be read to rule out a live original: %v", g.VMID, err)
+		}
+		for slot, v := range cfg.MountPoints() {
+			if source, _, _ := strings.Cut(v, ","); source == structuralParentDir {
+				return fmt.Sprintf("guest %d binds the household drives (%s %s)", g.VMID, slot, structuralParentDir)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}

internal/reconcile/bringup_beside_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package reconcile
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/proxmox"
+)
+
+// R-834: a whole-guest restore BESIDE a live original must never come up as a second box on the same
+// drives. The DR route keeps `onboot: 1`, binds the real drives and starts the guest, so it refuses
+// when the original (or any guest binding the drives) is still on this host; on a replaced host it
+// proceeds and keeps its binds. Red-proof: make liveOriginalBeside return "" and the refusals pass
+// the restore through (the "refused" sub-tests fail).
+func TestRunBringUp_DRRefusesBesideALiveOriginal(t *testing.T) {
+	const target = 9299
+	drivesBind := proxmox.GuestConfig{Extra: map[string]json.RawMessage{
+		"mp8": json.RawMessage(`"/mnt/felhom-drives,mp=/mnt/felhom-drives"`),
+	}}
+	cases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		archive string
+		lxc     []proxmox.Guest
+		cfg     map[int]proxmox.GuestConfig
+		refuse  string // substring of the refusal; "" = must proceed
+	}{
+		{"the source guest still exists", "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9201-2026_10_04-04_34_55.tar.zst",
+			[]proxmox.Guest{{VMID: 9201, Status: "running"}}, map[int]proxmox.GuestConfig{9201: scratchCfg()}, "source guest 9201"},
+		{"another guest binds the drives (PBS archive)", "felhom-pbs:backup/ct/9201/2026-10-04T02:34:55Z",
+			[]proxmox.Guest{{VMID: 9300, Status: "stopped"}}, map[int]proxmox.GuestConfig{9300: drivesBind}, "binds the household drives"},
+		{"a guest whose config cannot be read", "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9201-x.tar.zst",
+			[]proxmox.Guest{{VMID: 9400, Status: "running"}}, map[int]proxmox.GuestConfig{}, "could not be read"},
+		{"replaced host: only an unrelated scratch guest", "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9201-x.tar.zst",
+			[]proxmox.Guest{{VMID: 9202, Status: "running"}}, map[int]proxmox.GuestConfig{9202: scratchCfg()}, ""},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cfg := c.cfg
+			cfg[target] = scratchCfg()
+			api := &fakeAPI{lxc: c.lxc, cfg: cfg}
+			e, fr, _, q := newDREngine(t, api)
+			defer q.Close()
+			res := e.RunBringUp(context.Background(), BringUpSpec{
+				Mode: ModeDRGuestLoss, Archive: c.archive, VMID: target, RestoreStorage: "local-lvm", KeepMAC: true,
+			})
+			if c.refuse != "" {
+				if res.Err == nil || !strings.Contains(res.Err.Error(), c.refuse) || !strings.Contains(res.Err.Error(), "R-834") {
+					t.Fatalf("want a refusal naming %q, got %+v", c.refuse, res)
+				}
+				if len(api.restores) != 0 || len(api.starts) != 0 || len(fr.cmds) != 0 {
+					t.Fatalf("a refused DR touched the host: restores=%d starts=%v cmds=%v", len(api.restores), api.starts, fr.cmds)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if res.Err != nil || !res.Pass {
+				t.Fatalf("a DR on a replaced host must proceed, got %+v", res)
+			}
+			// … and there it keeps the REAL drives bind (the right binds on a replaced host).
+			joined := strings.Join(fr.cmds, "\n")
+			if !strings.Contains(joined, "-mp8 /mnt/felhom-drives,mp=/mnt/felhom-drives") {
+				t.Fatalf("the DR guest lost its drives bind: %v", fr.cmds)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Provisioning restores the GOLDEN (no drives, onboot set by the back-half on purpose): a drives-
+// binding guest on the host does not block it — the rule is DR's alone.
+func TestRunBringUp_ProvisionNotBlockedByADrivesBind(t *testing.T) {
+	api := &fakeAPI{
+		lxc: []proxmox.Guest{{VMID: 9201, Status: "running"}},
+		cfg: map[int]proxmox.GuestConfig{
+			9201: {Extra: map[string]json.RawMessage{"mp8": json.RawMessage(`"/mnt/felhom-drives,mp=/mnt/felhom-drives"`)}},
+			9203: scratchCfg(),
+		},
+	}
+	e, _, q := newEngine(t, api, EmptyProvider{})
+	defer q.Close()
+	res := e.RunBringUp(context.Background(), BringUpSpec{Mode: ModeProvision, Archive: "local:vztmpl/felhom-golden.tar.zst", VMID: 9203, RestoreStorage: "local-lvm"})
+	if res.Err != nil || !res.Pass {
+		t.Fatalf("provision must proceed, got %+v", res)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestArchiveSourceVMID(t *testing.T) {
+	for in, want := range map[string]int{
+		"local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9201-2026_10_04-04_34_55.tar.zst": 9201,
+		"felhom-pbs:backup/ct/9201/2026-10-04T02:34:55Z":           9201,
+		"tmp-dooplex-copy:backup/ct/9201/2026-10-03T19:00:00Z":     9201,
+		"local:vztmpl/felhom-golden.tar.zst":                       0,
+		"vol":                                                      0,
+	} {
+		if got := archiveSourceVMID(in); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("archiveSourceVMID(%q) = %d, want %d", in, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// R-834, the restore-test route: its scratch guest sits BESIDE the live original by design, so it must
+// carry no host-path bind — the archive's mp8 (the household's drives) and mp9 (the original's
+// bootstrap) are replaced by throwaway volumes AT restore time. Measured live 2026-10-04 on demo-hp
+// (`audits/backup-close-2026-10-04/partA/`): onboot 0 and no host bind on every poll. Red-proof:
+// make drRestoreOverrides return the archive's own mp8 value and this fails.
+func TestRestoreTest_NoHostPathBindBesideTheOriginal(t *testing.T) {
+	api := &fakeAPI{
+		cfg: map[int]proxmox.GuestConfig{990000: scratchCfg()},
+		extractCfg: "hostname: demo-hp\nonboot: 1\nrootfs: local-lvm:vm-9201-disk-0,size=16G\n" +
+			"mp0: local-lvm:vm-9201-disk-1,mp=/var/lib/felhom,backup=1,size=70G\n" +
+			"mp8: /mnt/felhom-drives,mp=/mnt/felhom-drives\n" +
+			"mp9: /var/lib/felhom-agent/guests/9201/bootstrap,mp=/etc/felhom-bootstrap,ro=1\n",
+	}
+	e, _, q := newEngine(t, api, EmptyProvider{})
+	defer q.Close()
+	_ = e.RunRestoreTest(context.Background(), RestoreTestSpec{
+		Archive: "local:backup/vzdump-lxc-9201-x.tar.zst", RestoreStorage: "local-lvm",
+		ScratchMin: 990000, ScratchMax: 990009, SourceTier: "local",
+	})
+	if len(api.restores) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("want one restore, got %+v", api.restores)
+	}
+	r := api.restores[0]
+	for _, slot := range []string{"mp8", "mp9"} {
+		v, ok := r.MountOverrides[slot]
+		if !ok || strings.HasPrefix(v, "/") {
+			t.Fatalf("%s = %q (present=%v): the scratch beside the original must get a throwaway volume, never the host path", slot, v, ok)
+		}
+	}
+	for slot, v := range r.MountOverrides {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(v, "/") {
+			t.Fatalf("%s carries a host path %q into the scratch guest", slot, v)
+		}
+	}
+	if r.ConfigOverrides["onboot"] != "0" {
+		t.Fatalf("onboot = %q, want 0", r.ConfigOverrides["onboot"])
+	}
+}

internal/reconcile/classify.go

@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ const (
 	// Destructive for unknown classes — this named constant documents the class and keeps the
 	// signed-op vocabulary explicit, it does not (and must not) loosen anything.
 	ClassAgentUpdate OpClass = "agent_update"
+
+	// A Docker engine step in the customer guest (agent v0.142.0, `11` §5.8) — ring 1, and every undo. Destructive-class
+	// (signed, operational key) like agent_update; the root wrapper re-verifies the same signature itself.
+	ClassOSDockerStep OpClass = "os_docker_step"
 )
 
 // Disposition is the classifier verdict.
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@ func Classify(class OpClass, prov Provenance) Disposition {
 		return Destructive
 	case ClassKeyRotation:
 		return Destructive
-	case ClassAgentUpdate:
+	case ClassAgentUpdate, ClassOSDockerStep:
 		// Never benign — no agent-internal provenance can make replacing the agent binary
 		// unsigned-safe (a compromised process must not be able to self-bless an update).
 		return Destructive

internal/signedjobs/runner.go

@@ -49,6 +49,21 @@ type Executor interface {
 	Execute(ctx context.Context, op string, params json.RawMessage) error
 }
 
+type signedOpKey struct{}
+
+// WithSignedOp / SignedOpFrom carry the RAW verified envelope (blob bytes + armored signature) to an executor whose
+// ROOT half verifies it AGAIN against a root-owned key file (agent v0.142.0, the Docker slow lane: the agent's own
+// config is agent-writable, so a root wrapper must not take the agent's word for a signature).
+func WithSignedOp(ctx context.Context, s *reconcile.SignedOp) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, signedOpKey{}, s)
+}
+
+// SignedOpFrom returns the envelope set by WithSignedOp.
+func SignedOpFrom(ctx context.Context) (*reconcile.SignedOp, bool) {
+	s, ok := ctx.Value(signedOpKey{}).(*reconcile.SignedOp)
+	return s, ok && s != nil
+}
+
 // ErrNoExecutor signals an op class with no executor wired in this build (don't clear the job).
 var ErrNoExecutor = fmt.Errorf("signedjobs: no executor for this op class in this build")
 
@@ -158,7 +173,7 @@ func (r *Runner) processJob(ctx context.Context, j hub.JobWire) bool {
 	// Allowed: the nonce is already durably burned (Verify, before this point). Execute.
 	r.logger.Warn("signedjobs: AUTHORIZED signed op — executing",
 		"job", j.JobID, "op", ob.Op, "key_id", dec.Verified.KeyID, "nonce", dec.Verified.Nonce)
-	err := r.exec.Execute(ctx, ob.Op, ob.Params)
+	err := r.exec.Execute(WithSignedOp(ctx, signed), ob.Op, ob.Params)
 	switch {
 	case err == nil:
 		r.logger.Warn("signedjobs: signed op COMPLETED", "job", j.JobID, "op", ob.Op)