package backup

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-controller/internal/util"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"time"

	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-controller/internal/settings"
)

// ── The backup side of the guarded update (update arc slice 4, controller v0.237.0) ─────────────
//
// 09-update-architecture.md §3 decision 1 (operator ruling 2026-09-02): the safety copy for an update
// is a VERIFIED RECENT BACKUP as a PRECONDITION — not a new copy mechanism invented for the update
// path. So everything in this file composes machinery that already exists and is proven live:
// the Tier-2 unit restore's own predicate (R-102/R-103), the nightly legs (DB dump, volume dump,
// unit capture, Tier-2 mirror), the pre-restore safety dump (R-361) and the R-379 hold.
//
// The stacks package cannot import this one, so the update job reaches all of it through the
// stacks.UpdateGuards interface, implemented by an adapter in cmd/controller/main.go.

// Tier2RestorePoint is the answer to "could this app be restored from its Tier-2 copy, and from
// when?" — the predicate the destructive „Teljes visszaállítás" action is gated on.
//
// EXTRACTED, NOT DUPLICATED (slice 4). Until v0.237.0 this computation lived inline in the backups
// page handler (buildAppBackupRows). The update path needs exactly the same question answered, and
// a second copy of a predicate is how this project's two copies of `namespaceRoot` came to differ
// (R-203). So there is one function, and the page and the update both call it.
type Tier2RestorePoint struct {
	// Restorable — the copy holds an OPENABLE recovery unit (Tier2Coverage.CanRestoreUnit).
	Restorable bool
	// CopyDate — the date the unit restore NAMES: the package's own manifest date, falling back to the
	// copy date (Tier2Coverage.UnitRestoreDate, R-403). RFC3339 as recorded, "" when unknown.
	CopyDate string
	// CopyDateProven — a copy actually SUCCEEDED (LastSuccess is set), never merely an attempt (R-101).
	CopyDateProven bool
	// PackagePreserved — the newest run PRESERVED an older package instead of refreshing it (R-403).
	PackagePreserved bool
	// CopyLastSuccess — the RFC3339 time of the last Tier-2 copy that succeeded.
	CopyLastSuccess string
}

// restorePointFromCoverage is the pure half of the predicate.
func restorePointFromCoverage(cov Tier2Coverage) Tier2RestorePoint {
	pkgDate, preserved := cov.UnitRestoreDate()
	return Tier2RestorePoint{
		Restorable:       cov.CanRestoreUnit(),
		CopyDate:         pkgDate,
		CopyDateProven:   cov.CopyLastSuccess != "",
		PackagePreserved: preserved,
		CopyLastSuccess:  cov.CopyLastSuccess,
	}
}

// Tier2UnitRestorePoint resolves the app's recorded Tier-2 copy and returns the restore point. The
// error is the same refusal Tier2RestoreCoverage raises (no copy, drive gone, pre-v2 layout).
func (m *Manager) Tier2UnitRestorePoint(stackName string) (Tier2RestorePoint, error) {
	cov, err := m.Tier2RestoreCoverage(stackName)
	if err != nil {
		return Tier2RestorePoint{}, err
	}
	return restorePointFromCoverage(cov), nil
}

// ProvenCopyTime returns WHEN the data this copy would restore was last proven copied, and false when
// there is no proven, restorable copy at all.
//
// WHY NOT CopyDate, measured rather than assumed. CopyDate is the unit MANIFEST's created_at, and a
// capture rewrites the manifest only when the app's DEFINITION changes (compose, app.yaml, controller
// version) — a nightly DB dump keeps the same file name, so it does not move it. Measured on demo-hp
// 2026-09-13: bookstack's Tier-2 mirror held `bookstack-mariadb.sql` written 2026-09-13T00:30Z while
// its manifest still read 2026-09-12T02:15:29Z. Judging "recent" by that date would call a fresh copy
// stale — and, worse, a "back up first" run would not move it either on a quiet app, so the update
// would be refused forever.
//
// So the age is the last SUCCESSFUL copy (LastSuccess), which the Tier-2 run records only when it
// actually mirrored the unit — EXCEPT when the run preserved an older package (R-403), in which case
// the package date is the honest one, because that is what the copy really holds.
func (p Tier2RestorePoint) ProvenCopyTime() (time.Time, bool) {
	if !p.Restorable || !p.CopyDateProven {
		return time.Time{}, false
	}
	src := p.CopyLastSuccess
	if p.PackagePreserved {
		src = p.CopyDate
	}
	t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, src)
	if err != nil {
		return time.Time{}, false
	}
	return t, true
}

// ── R-475: any backup tier lets an app update (operator ruling 2026-09-13, controller v0.239.0) ────
//
// Until v0.239.0 the update's precondition was Tier2UnitRestorePoint alone, so an app with no second
// drive could never be updated — even with a fresh recovery unit on its own drive and an off-site
// snapshot from last night. The ruling: every backup counts. Tier2UnitRestorePoint itself is NOT
// changed; the backups page still calls it for the „Teljes visszaállítás" action, which really does
// restore from the second drive only.

// Backup tiers, as the update precondition and the hold sentence name them.
const (
	UpdateTierLocal       = 1 // the app's own recovery unit on its drive — „helyi" on the restore page
	UpdateTierSecondDrive = 2 // the Tier-2 mirror on another drive
	UpdateTierOffsite     = 3 // the off-site restic repository
)

// updateTierOrder is the preference order the ruling set: the second drive, then the app's own unit,
// then off-site. The first tier holding a copy the caller ACCEPTS is chosen.
var updateTierOrder = []int{UpdateTierSecondDrive, UpdateTierLocal, UpdateTierOffsite}

// updateTierOrderBindData (R-479, operator ruling 2026-09-13, v0.241.0) is the order for an app whose
// DATA lives in bind-mounted files outside its recovery unit: second drive, OFF-SITE, own unit. The own
// unit then holds the definition and the database dumps but not the files, so a route back that names
// it would restore settings and not data — measured on demo-hp with gokapi (v0.239.0: „a beállítások
// visszaálltak … adatot nem"). Off-site carries the mandatory file legs; it comes before the unit.
var updateTierOrderBindData = []int{UpdateTierSecondDrive, UpdateTierOffsite, UpdateTierLocal}

// DataOutsideUnit reports whether the app keeps data in bind-mounted files that the recovery unit does
// not hold — i.e. the app has classified binds. Nil provider or no binds → false (the unit holds the
// data: named volumes and database dumps). Pinned by TestR479_.
func (m *Manager) DataOutsideUnit(stackName string) bool {
	if m == nil || m.stackProvider == nil {
		return false
	}
	binds, has := m.stackProvider.GetStackClassifiedBinds(stackName)
	return has && len(binds) > 0
}

// UpdateTierOrderFor is the tier order the update walks for this app (R-475 / R-479).
func (m *Manager) UpdateTierOrderFor(stackName string) []int {
	if m.DataOutsideUnit(stackName) {
		return updateTierOrderBindData
	}
	return updateTierOrder
}

// UpdateCopyHolds is the customer phrase for what a copy on `tier` holds for this app — the second half
// of the R-479 ruling: the hold sentence names WHAT the chosen copy holds, not only where it is.
func (m *Manager) UpdateCopyHolds(stackName string, tier int) string {
	outside := m.DataOutsideUnit(stackName)
	switch tier {
	case UpdateTierLocal:
		if outside {
			return "csak a beállításokat és az adatbázist tartalmazza, a fájlokat nem"
		}
		return "a beállításokat, az adatbázist és az adatköteteket tartalmazza"
	case UpdateTierSecondDrive:
		if outside {
			return "a beállításokat, az adatbázist és a fájlokat tartalmazza"
		}
		return "a beállításokat, az adatbázist és az adatköteteket tartalmazza"
	case UpdateTierOffsite:
		if outside {
			return "a beállításokat, az adatbázist és a fájlokat tartalmazza"
		}
		return "a beállításokat, az adatbázist és az adatköteteket tartalmazza"
	}
	return ""
}

// UpdateTierLabel is a tier's name in the customer's hold sentence. "" for an unknown tier.
func UpdateTierLabel(tier int) string {
	switch tier {
	case UpdateTierSecondDrive:
		return "második meghajtó"
	case UpdateTierLocal:
		return "saját meghajtó"
	case UpdateTierOffsite:
		return "távoli mentés"
	}
	return ""
}

// updateOffsiteCheckTimeout bounds the off-site lookup. An update must not stall on an unreachable
// Storage Box: past this the off-site copy counts as ABSENT (with a WARN), and the update carries on
// with backing up first. A var only so a test can shorten it.
var updateOffsiteCheckTimeout = 15 * time.Second

// UpdateTierPoint is one proven, restorable copy of an app on one tier.
type UpdateTierPoint struct {
	Tier int
	// At is when the data in that copy was last proven written: Tier 2 ProvenCopyTime, Tier 1 the
	// newest artifact of the unit (ListRestorePoints), Tier 3 the newest snapshot for the app.
	At time.Time
}

// UpdateRestorePoints walks the tiers in preference order (2, 1, 3) and returns the FIRST copy that
// accept admits (nil accepts any), whether one was found, and every copy it looked at on the way.
//
// It stops at the first accepted copy, so a box with a fresh second-drive copy never touches the
// network. The AGE rule is the caller's (stacks applies backup_max_age through accept) — that is what
// makes "the age rule applies to whichever tier is chosen" one rule, not three (R-475 Scenario M).
func (m *Manager) UpdateRestorePoints(ctx context.Context, stackName string, accept func(UpdateTierPoint) bool) (UpdateTierPoint, bool, []UpdateTierPoint) {
	var seen []UpdateTierPoint
	for _, tier := range m.UpdateTierOrderFor(stackName) {
		p, ok := m.updateTierPoint(ctx, stackName, tier)
		if !ok {
			continue
		}
		seen = append(seen, p)
		if accept == nil || accept(p) {
			return p, true, seen
		}
	}
	return UpdateTierPoint{}, false, seen
}

func (m *Manager) updateTierPoint(ctx context.Context, stackName string, tier int) (UpdateTierPoint, bool) {
	switch tier {
	case UpdateTierSecondDrive:
		get := m.updateTier2PointFn
		if get == nil {
			get = m.Tier2UnitRestorePoint
		}
		rp, err := get(stackName)
		if err != nil {
			if m.isDebug() {
				m.logger.Printf("[DEBUG] [backup] update precondition for %s: no Tier-2 copy (%v)", stackName, err)
			}
			return UpdateTierPoint{}, false
		}
		at, ok := rp.ProvenCopyTime()
		return UpdateTierPoint{Tier: tier, At: at}, ok
	case UpdateTierLocal:
		list := m.updateTier1PointsFn
		if list == nil {
			list = m.ListRestorePoints
		}
		pts, _ := list(stackName)
		for _, rp := range pts {
			if at, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, rp.Time); err == nil {
				return UpdateTierPoint{Tier: tier, At: at}, true
			}
		}
		return UpdateTierPoint{}, false
	case UpdateTierOffsite:
		times := m.updateOffsiteTimesFn
		if times == nil {
			if m.settings == nil || !m.OffboxConfigured() {
				return UpdateTierPoint{}, false
			}
			times = m.OffsiteSnapshotTimes
		}
		cctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, updateOffsiteCheckTimeout)
		defer cancel()
		got, err := times(cctx)
		if err != nil {
			if !errors.Is(err, errNoOffsiteTarget) {
				m.logger.Printf("[WARN] [backup] update precondition for %s: the off-site copy could not be checked within %s (%v) — counted as ABSENT", stackName, updateOffsiteCheckTimeout, err)
			}
			return UpdateTierPoint{}, false
		}
		if at, ok := got[stackName]; ok && !at.IsZero() {
			return UpdateTierPoint{Tier: tier, At: at}, true
		}
	}
	return UpdateTierPoint{}, false
}

// CanBackUpApp reports whether "back up first" can run for this app at all right now — the second
// half of R-475 Scenario L: an app with no copy anywhere is refused only when this is false too.
// Cheap and read-only; RunAppBackupNow re-checks everything when it actually runs.
func (m *Manager) CanBackUpApp(stackName string) (bool, string) {
	if m == nil {
		return false, "backup is not enabled on this box"
	}
	if m.stackProvider == nil {
		return false, "stack provider not configured"
	}
	if m.migrationActive() {
		return false, "a data migration is running"
	}
	drivePath := m.GetAppDrivePath(stackName)
	if drivePath == "" || !filepath.IsAbs(drivePath) {
		return false, "the app's drive cannot be resolved"
	}
	if m.settings != nil && (m.settings.IsDisconnected(drivePath) || m.settings.IsDecommissioned(drivePath)) {
		return false, fmt.Sprintf("the app's drive %s is not available", drivePath)
	}
	return true, ""
}

// UpdateBusy reports whether something else is ALREADY touching this app's data, which refuses an
// update before anything moves (slice 4 Scenario D). The reason is operator-English; the customer
// sentence is chosen by the caller.
//
// IsRunning is box-wide, deliberately: the backup/restore single-flight is box-wide, and an update's
// "back up first" leg needs that same flag — an update started beside a running backup would either
// wait on it invisibly or fail half-way.
func (m *Manager) UpdateBusy(stackName string) (bool, string) {
	if m == nil {
		return false, ""
	}
	if m.IsRunning() {
		return true, "a backup or restore is running (single-flight held)"
	}
	if st := m.RestoreStatus(); st.Running {
		return true, fmt.Sprintf("restore op %q is running for %q", st.Op, st.Stack)
	}
	for _, held := range m.appStop.HeldStacks() {
		if held == stackName {
			return true, "an app-data operation (volume dump / export / reconstitute) is holding it"
		}
	}
	return false, ""
}

// ErrUpdateBackupNoUnit is returned when a "back up first" run completed but the app still has no
// openable Tier-2 unit — typically Tier 2 is switched off for the app or has no second target.
var ErrUpdateBackupNoUnit = util.MsgError("err.backup.a_frissites_elotti_mentes_lefutott_de")

// RunAppBackupNow runs THIS app's backup legs now, in the nightly order, and then its Tier-2 copy:
// database dump(s) → volume dump (if the app has named volumes) → recovery-unit capture → Tier-2
// mirror. It is the "back up first" of slice 4 Scenario B.
//
// Composed, not reinvented: every leg is the one runDBDumpsInternal and RunAllTier2 already run,
// including the R-181 reserve (admitApp) before the first write and the R-166 app-stop marker inside
// DumpAppVolumesSafe. What differs is only the scope — one app instead of all of them — because an
// update must not bounce every other app on the box to back up one.
func (m *Manager) RunAppBackupNow(ctx context.Context, stackName string) error {
	if m.stackProvider == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("stack provider not configured")
	}
	if m.migrationActive() {
		return util.MsgError("err.backup.adatathelyezes_folyamatban_a_mentes_most_nem")
	}
	if err := m.acquireRunning(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	m.logger.Printf("[INFO] [backup] update pre-backup for %s: starting (DB dump → volume dump → unit capture → Tier 2)", stackName)
	start := time.Now()
	var nsRoot string
	legErr := func() error {
		defer m.releaseRunning()
		defer m.beginAdmissionRun()()

		drivePath := m.GetAppDrivePath(stackName)
		if drivePath == "" || !filepath.IsAbs(drivePath) {
			return util.MsgError("err.backup.az_alkalmazas_meghajtoja_nem_hatarozhato_meg")
		}
		if m.settings != nil && (m.settings.IsDisconnected(drivePath) || m.settings.IsDecommissioned(drivePath)) {
			return util.MsgError("err.backup.az_alkalmazas_meghajtoja_nem_elerheto", drivePath)
		}
		if !m.admitApp(stackName) {
			return util.MsgError("err.backup.nincs_eleg_szabad_hely_a_menteshez", drivePath)
		}
		nsRoot = m.namespaceRoot(drivePath)

		discover := m.discoverDBs
		if discover == nil {
			discover = func(ctx context.Context) ([]DiscoveredDB, error) {
				return DiscoverDatabases(ctx, m.logger, m.isDebug(), m.knownStackNames())
			}
		}
		dbs, err := discover(ctx)
		if err != nil {
			return util.MsgError("err.backup.adatbazis_felderites_sikertelen", err)
		}
		dumped := 0
		for _, db := range dbs {
			if db.StackName != stackName {
				continue
			}
			res := DumpOne(ctx, db, AppDBDumpPath(nsRoot, stackName), m.logger, m.isDebug())
			if res.Error != nil {
				return util.MsgError("err.backup.adatbazis_mentes_sikertelen", db.ContainerName, res.Error)
			}
			dumped++
			m.logger.Printf("[INFO] [backup] update pre-backup for %s: database dump OK (%s, %s)", stackName, db.ContainerName, humanizeBytes(res.Size))
		}

		if len(m.stackProvider.GetDockerVolumes(stackName)) > 0 {
			dump := m.dumpVolumesSafe
			if dump == nil {
				dump = m.DumpAppVolumesSafe
			}
			if err := dump(stackName); err != nil {
				return util.MsgError("err.backup.kotetmentes_sikertelen", err)
			}
			m.logger.Printf("[INFO] [backup] update pre-backup for %s: volume dump OK", stackName)
		}

		if err := m.CaptureRecoveryUnit(stackName); err != nil {
			return util.MsgError("err.backup.a_mentesi_egyseg_rogzitese_sikertelen", err)
		}
		m.logger.Printf("[INFO] [backup] update pre-backup for %s: recovery unit captured (%d database dump(s))", stackName, dumped)
		return nil
	}()
	if legErr != nil {
		m.logger.Printf("[ERROR] [backup] update pre-backup for %s FAILED after %s: %v", stackName, time.Since(start).Round(time.Millisecond), legErr)
		return legErr
	}

	m.updatePreBackupTail(stackName, nsRoot, time.Now())
	m.logger.Printf("[INFO] [backup] update pre-backup for %s: complete in %s", stackName, time.Since(start).Round(time.Millisecond))
	return nil
}

// updatePreBackupTail is what "back up first" does after the capture succeeded (R-475).
//
//  1. It marks the app's OWN unit as proven current NOW. CaptureRecoveryUnit leaves the manifest alone
//     when nothing changed (the checksum skip), and Tier 1's age is the newest artifact's mtime — so on
//     an app with no database and no named volume a fresh "back up first" would leave Tier 1 as old as
//     its last definition change, and the update would be refused forever. That is the trap
//     ProvenCopyTime documents for Tier 2, one tier down. The capture has just compared the unit with
//     the live definition, so "current as of now" is exactly what it established.
//  2. It runs the Tier-2 copy, and a Tier-2 failure is a WARN, not a failure: the update may lean on
//     any tier, and the Tier-1 unit it can lean on was just written. Pinned by
//     TestR475_PreBackupTail_Tier2FailureIsAWarnAndTheOwnUnitIsFresh.
func (m *Manager) updatePreBackupTail(stackName, nsRoot string, now time.Time) {
	if nsRoot != "" {
		if err := os.Chtimes(RecoveryUnitManifestPath(nsRoot, stackName), now, now); err != nil {
			m.logger.Printf("[WARN] [backup] update pre-backup for %s: could not mark the recovery unit as proven current (%v) — its own-unit copy may read older than it is", stackName, err)
		}
	}
	runOne := m.perAppTier2
	if runOne == nil {
		runOne = m.RunTier2
	}
	if err := runOne(stackName); err != nil {
		m.logger.Printf("[WARN] [backup] update pre-backup for %s: Tier 2 copy FAILED: %v — not fatal: the app's own recovery unit was just captured, and an update may lean on any tier (R-475)", stackName, err)
	}
}

// WriteUpdateSafetyDump takes the last-minute database copy an update makes just before it moves the
// pin: "the state the customer was in a minute ago". It is writeSafetyDump (R-361) unchanged — the
// same `pre-restore-` undo naming, the same pruning to three, the same never-the-canonical-name rule
// — so it is also picked up by the same exclusions (it never enters a manifest's db_dumps).
//
// Returns the paths written; an app with no database returns (nil, nil), which is a no-op and never a
// failure (measured in writeSafetyDump: `len(mine) == 0` returns an empty set).
func (m *Manager) WriteUpdateSafetyDump(ctx context.Context, stackName string) ([]string, error) {
	nsRoot := m.AppNamespaceRoot(stackName)
	if nsRoot == "" {
		return nil, util.MsgError("err.backup.az_alkalmazas_mentesi_helye_nem_hatarozhato")
	}
	set, err := m.writeSafetyDump(ctx, stackName, nsRoot)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	var paths []string
	for _, f := range set.Files {
		paths = append(paths, f.Path)
	}
	if len(paths) == 0 {
		m.logger.Printf("[INFO] [backup] update safety dump for %s: the app has no database — nothing to copy (no-op)", stackName)
	} else {
		m.logger.Printf("[INFO] [backup] update safety dump for %s: %d file(s) %v", stackName, len(paths), paths)
	}
	return paths, nil
}

// UpdateHoldFmt is the customer sentence for an app held after a failed update. Arguments: the app,
// the time of the failure, the TIER of the copy it can be restored from (UpdateTierLabel), and that
// copy's PROVEN date. One named string so a test asserts it verbatim instead of retyping Hungarian
// (R-364). Since v0.239.0 (R-475) it names the tier: the copy may be on any of three, and each is
// restored from a different place on the Mentések page.
const UpdateHoldFmt = "A(z) %s frissítése %s-kor nem sikerült, és az alkalmazás nem indult el az új verzióval. " +
	"Az alkalmazás biztonsági okból leállítva marad, hogy az adatai ne sérüljenek. " +
	"Visszaállítható a Mentések oldalon ebből a biztonsági mentésből: %s, %s — ez a másolat %s."

// UpdateHoldTierFmt is the v0.239.0–v0.240.0 sentence, kept for a hold that recorded a tier but not
// what the copy holds (CopyHolds empty).
const UpdateHoldTierFmt = "A(z) %s frissítése %s-kor nem sikerült, és az alkalmazás nem indult el az új verzióval. " +
	"Az alkalmazás biztonsági okból leállítva marad, hogy az adatai ne sérüljenek. " +
	"Visszaállítható a Mentések oldalon ebből a biztonsági mentésből: %s, %s."

// UpdateHoldLegacyFmt is the v0.237.0–v0.238.1 sentence, kept for a hold written before the tier was
// recorded (CopyTier 0) — every such hold named a Tier-2 copy, but it did not SAY so, and rewriting
// it now would state a fact the record does not hold.
const UpdateHoldLegacyFmt = "A(z) %s frissítése %s-kor nem sikerült, és az alkalmazás nem indult el az új verzióval. " +
	"Az alkalmazás biztonsági okból leállítva marad, hogy az adatai ne sérüljenek. " +
	"Visszaállítható a(z) %s-i biztonsági mentésből a Mentések oldalon."

// holdTimeZone is where the customer-facing hold sentence renders its times. The same zone the web
// layer renders the Mentések page's copy dates in (web.getTimezone), so the date in the hold text and
// the date on the page it points at are the same string.
func holdTimeZone() *time.Location {
	if loc, err := time.LoadLocation("Europe/Budapest"); err == nil {
		return loc
	}
	return time.UTC
}

func fmtHoldTime(rfc3339 string) string {
	t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, rfc3339)
	if err != nil {
		return rfc3339
	}
	return t.In(holdTimeZone()).Format("2006-01-02 15:04")
}

// HoldAfterFailedUpdate records that an app is held stopped because its new version did not come up
// healthy. Same storage and same gate as the R-379 hold — every start path that already refuses a
// restore hold refuses this one without being touched.
//
// It returns the error rather than only logging it, unlike holdAppAfterFailedRollback: the update job
// has just stopped the app on the strength of this record, and an unrecorded hold is a stopped app
// that the next restart button will quietly start again. The caller logs it at ERROR and keeps the
// failure on the page.
func (m *Manager) HoldAfterFailedUpdate(stackName string, at time.Time, copyDate time.Time, copyTier int) error {
	return m.HoldAfterFailedUpdateHolding(stackName, at, copyDate, copyTier, "", "")
}

// HoldAfterFailedUpdateHolding is HoldAfterFailedUpdate with the R-479 phrase for what the copy holds;
// "" records none (the tier-only sentence). The adapter in main.go computes the phrase with
// UpdateCopyHolds at hold time.
//
// undoState (v0.263.0) is what a FAILED undo left the data as (stacks.UndoState*), "" when no undo was
// attempted. RestoreHoldFor puts it in front of the sentence, so the household reads that the box
// already tried to put the app back, and in what state that left the data.
func (m *Manager) HoldAfterFailedUpdateHolding(stackName string, at time.Time, copyDate time.Time, copyTier int, copyHolds, undoState string) error {
	if m == nil || m.settings == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("no settings wired — the update hold for %s cannot be persisted", stackName)
	}
	h := settings.RestoreHold{
		Stack:     stackName,
		At:        at.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
		Reason:    settings.HoldReasonUpdateFailed,
		UndoState: undoState,
	}
	if !copyDate.IsZero() {
		h.CopyDate = copyDate.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
		h.CopyTier = copyTier
		h.CopyHolds = copyHolds
	}
	if err := m.settings.SetRestoreHold(h); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("persisting the update hold for %s: %w", stackName, err)
	}
	m.logger.Printf("[WARN] [backup] %s is HELD STOPPED after a failed update (restore point: tier %d %q, %s; holds: %q; undo: %q)", stackName, h.CopyTier, UpdateTierLabel(h.CopyTier), h.CopyDate, h.CopyHolds, h.UndoState)
	return nil
}

// isHeld reports whether the nightly legs must leave an app alone: it carries ANY hold, OR a guarded
// update is moving it right now.
//
// THE SECOND HALF WAS FOUND LIVE, v0.238.0 Scenario F on demo-hp 2026-09-13. During the update's
// 5-minute health wait the app is not yet held, and the periodic capture ran at 10:17:09 and wrote
// the NEW definition (alpine:3.20, which never started) into the app's PRIMARY unit, 53 s before the
// hold landed at 10:18:02. The Tier-2 mirror the hold names was intact only because the Tier-2 run is
// daily — a nightly Tier-2 falling inside a verify window would have mirrored the broken definition
// over the very copy the customer is told to restore from. An app mid-update has a restore point that
// must not move, exactly like a held one.
func (m *Manager) isHeld(stackName string) bool {
	held, _ := m.RestoreHoldFor(stackName)
	if held {
		return true
	}
	return m.updatingCheck != nil && m.updatingCheck(stackName)
}

// SetUpdatingCheck wires the "is a guarded update moving this app" question (stacks.Manager.IsUpdating).
// INIT-ONLY, in main.go — pinned by TestSlice4_UpdatingCheckIsWiredAtStartup. The backup package cannot
// import stacks, which is why it is a seam.
func (m *Manager) SetUpdatingCheck(fn func(stackName string) bool) {
	m.updatingCheck = fn
}

// clearUpdateHoldAfterRestore lifts an UPDATE hold once a person has restored the app successfully.
//
// "A person clears it by restoring" — slice 4 Part 3. The restore just put the app back on the
// definition and data of its recovery unit and started it, which is the exact route back the hold
// text names; leaving the hold in place would refuse the next restart of an app that is now fine.
//
// A RESTORE hold (R-379) is deliberately NOT cleared here: that hold means a previous restore already
// left the database in an unknown state, and it stays operator-cleared (`-clear-restore-hold`).
func (m *Manager) clearUpdateHoldAfterRestore(stackName string) {
	if m.settings == nil {
		return
	}
	h, ok := m.settings.GetRestoreHold(stackName)
	if !ok || h.Reason != settings.HoldReasonUpdateFailed {
		return
	}
	if _, err := m.settings.ClearRestoreHold(stackName); err != nil {
		m.logger.Printf("[ERROR] [backup] %s was restored, but its update hold could not be cleared: %v", stackName, err)
		return
	}
	m.logger.Printf("[INFO] [backup] %s: restore completed — the update hold (set %s) is CLEARED", stackName, h.At)
}