diff --git a/controller/internal/stacks/kept.go b/controller/internal/stacks/kept.go
index 1122fc0..bc0d6a4 100644
--- a/controller/internal/stacks/kept.go
+++ b/controller/internal/stacks/kept.go
@@ -244,11 +244,19 @@ func overlaps(a, b string) bool {
 func (m *Manager) ownerOf(drive, abs string) (string, string) {
 	var cands []Stack
 	for _, st := range m.GetStacks() {
-		if st.ComposePath == "" {
+		if st.ComposePath == "" || st.Protected {
+			continue
+		}
+		// v0.274.0 (found live on 9202): only an app whose definition binds its drive folder THROUGH
+		// ${HDD_PATH} can own one. The file browser's own compose binds every kept folder by its absolute
+		// path (the read-only view), and matched first — the list named romm's and paperless's leftovers
+		// "Filebrowser". Pinned by TestKept_OwnerIsNeverTheFileBrowser.
+		if b, err := os.ReadFile(st.ComposePath); err != nil || !strings.Contains(string(b), "${HDD_PATH}") {
 			continue
 		}
 		for _, p := range ParseComposeHDDMounts(st.ComposePath, drive) {
-			if filepath.Clean(p) == abs {
+			// the folder itself, or one inside it (paperless binds appdata/paperless/media and …/export)
+			if c := filepath.Clean(p); c == abs || strings.HasPrefix(c, abs+string(filepath.Separator)) {
 				cands = append(cands, st)
 				break
 			}
diff --git a/controller/internal/stacks/kept_test.go b/controller/internal/stacks/kept_test.go
index 66cbded..b6e7856 100644
--- a/controller/internal/stacks/kept_test.go
+++ b/controller/internal/stacks/kept_test.go
@@ -268,3 +268,30 @@ func TestKept_AfterLoadRunsTheDeclaredCommand(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("after_load ran %q, want %q", strings.Join(got, " "), want)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestKept_OwnerIsNeverTheFileBrowser — found live on 9202 (0.274.0-rc1): the file browser's compose binds
+// every kept folder by its absolute path (the read-only view), and the list named two leftovers
+// "Filebrowser". An owner is an app that binds the folder THROUGH ${HDD_PATH} — the folder or one inside it.
+// COMPANION RED-PROOF (REPORT.md): drop the ${HDD_PATH} filter — this fails at "named Filebrowser".
+func TestKept_OwnerIsNeverTheFileBrowser(t *testing.T) {
+	m, drive := keptManager(t)
+	fb := filepath.Join(m.cfg.Paths.StacksDir, "filebrowser")
+	must(t, os.MkdirAll(fb, 0o755))
+	must(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(fb, "docker-compose.yml"), []byte("services:\n  filebrowser:\n    image: fb\n    volumes:\n      - "+
+		filepath.Join(drive, "appdata/cloudapp")+":/srv/kept:ro\n      - "+filepath.Join(drive, "appdata/paperless")+":/srv/kept2:ro\n"), 0o644))
+	must(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(fb, ".felhom.yml"), []byte("display_name: Filebrowser\n"), 0o644))
+	pl := filepath.Join(m.cfg.Paths.StacksDir, "paperless-ngx")
+	must(t, os.MkdirAll(pl, 0o755))
+	must(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(pl, "docker-compose.yml"), []byte("services:\n  web:\n    image: p\n    volumes:\n      - ${HDD_PATH}/appdata/paperless/media:/m\n"), 0o644))
+	must(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(pl, ".felhom.yml"), []byte("display_name: Paperless-ngx\n"), 0o644))
+	must(t, m.ScanStacks())
+	must(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(drive, "appdata/paperless/media"), 0o755))
+	must(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(drive, "appdata/paperless/media/doc.pdf"), []byte("x"), 0o644))
+	got := map[string]string{}
+	for _, it := range m.ListKept([]string{drive}) {
+		got[filepath.Base(it.Path)] = it.DisplayName
+	}
+	if got["cloudapp"] != "Cloud App" || got["paperless"] != "Paperless-ngx" {
+		t.Fatalf("the leftovers must be named by the app that binds them through HDD_PATH, never the file browser: %v", got)
+	}
+}