diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index f590a7c..cb424fb 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,3 +1,36 @@
+## v0.83.0 — observability pass: always-DEBUG capture ring + GET /debug/logs + heartbeat log-pull + gap-fill sweep (2026-07-11)
+
+Agent half of the cross-repo observability task (controller v0.116.0 + hub v0.46.0). Motivating
+incident: a refused NAS verify on an `info`-level box left NOTHING readable remotely — the agent
+logged only to host journald and the new features emitted few lines.
+
+- **Capture layer** (`internal/log`): `applog.New` now returns `(logger, *Ring)` — a slog fan-out
+  where stderr keeps the configured level (journald unchanged) and a ~1000-entry ring handler is
+  FIXED at `LevelDebug`, so flow detail exists for remote pulls without a config flip. The ring is
+  an io.Writer fed by a stdlib TextHandler; entries are parsed (time/level/message-verbatim).
+  Red-proof: ring gated at the emit level → capture-at-info test FAILS ("ring holds 1, want 2").
+- **`GET /debug/logs`** (local API, same token-auth/self-scoping wrap as siblings): the ring as
+  JSON `{entries, total}`; `?raw=1` plain text; 503 when unwired. Plus a request-level DEBUG
+  middleware (method/path/status/duration — never bodies) wrapping the whole mux.
+- **Heartbeat log-pull** (the report-channel logtail.go pattern mirrored): the control envelope
+  gains `log_tail_requested: bool` (additive); when set, the NEXT heartbeat carries
+  `log_tail: {collected_at, lines[]}` (newest-kept, 128 KB cap). Consume-once both ends: local
+  pending drains onto the carrying push; a FAILED push leaves the hub request pending → the next
+  envelope re-arms (retry proven in tests; red-proof: drain removed → tail ships every cycle →
+  FAIL). Serving a pull logs `operator log pull served` (INFO — customer-visible transparency).
+- **Gap-fill sweep** (entry, decisions, outcome+duration, errors): netverify (job start, trigger
+  outcome, /proc/mounts verdict, journal byte-count, classification code, rollback outcome,
+  duration), netstorage add (pre-probe pass verdict, creds staged/removed — path only), netmount
+  Ensure/Remove (per-unit install/enable/remove-step results), signedjobs (jobs fetched ids+
+  duration, op received class/host/expiry — never signatures), selfupdate executor (invariants
+  passed, download sha-match+duration), disks (assign/eject/decommission outcome INFO),
+  ReassertGuestBinds (pass summary), controller-swap (pre-pull verify, negative health verdict),
+  desired syncer + hub loop (per-exchange DEBUG with durations).
+- **S7 log-sequence smoke**: a full fake NAS add at emit level info must leave the ordered phase
+  markers in the ring (red-proof: dropping the /proc/mounts verdict line → FAIL naming the phase).
+- No new sudoers grants, no journald scraping, no streaming — pull-only. Demo-deploy only — NOT
+  published (Peti stays 0.81.0; this reaches him with the next publish train).
+
 ## v0.82.0 — local-API version channel: X-Felhom-Agent-Version on every response (2026-07-11)
 
 The controller's capability detection upgrades from route-probing to version comparison: the
diff --git a/REUSE.md b/REUSE.md
index 770414f..ee53b6c 100644
--- a/REUSE.md
+++ b/REUSE.md
@@ -138,7 +138,8 @@
 | `localapi.GuestExecutor` | internal/localapi/controllerswap.go | `*GuestBinder` (pct exec) | `fakeGuestExec` internal/localapi/controllerswap_test.go |
 | `reconcile.OpVerifier` | internal/reconcile/gate.go | `*authz.Verifier` | fake verifier in internal/reconcile gate tests |
 | `signedjobs.WipeOps` / `Executor` (`ExecutorChain`) | internal/signedjobs/wipe.go + runner.go | `*storage.SudoHostOps`; `WipeExecutor`+`DecommissionExecutor` | internal/signedjobs wipe/runner/decommission tests |
-| `hub.reporter` / `collectorIface` / `EnvelopeObserver` | internal/hub/loop.go | `*hub.Client`, `*hub.Collector`; `desired.Syncer` + `signedjobs.Runner` | `fakeReporter`/`fakeCollector` internal/hub/loop_test.go |
+| `hub.reporter` / `collectorIface` / `EnvelopeObserver` | internal/hub/loop.go | `*hub.Client`, `*hub.Collector`; `desired.Syncer` + `signedjobs.Runner` | `fakeReporter`/`fakeCollector` internal/hub/loop_test.go; `recordingReporter` loop_logtail_test.go |
+| `applog.Ring` (always-DEBUG capture ring) + fan-out `applog.New → (logger, ring)` | internal/log/log.go | wired in cmd/felhom-agent/main.go → `localapi.Options.LogRing` + `Loop.SetLogTailSource(ring.Lines)` | internal/log/log_test.go; localapi/debuglogs_test.go — v0.83.0; the byte-capped `Lines` is the heartbeat tail source |
 | `pbsdr.StorageReader` / `SecretConsumer` / `Manager.probeFP` (func seam) | internal/pbsdr/manager.go | `*proxmox.Client`; `*hub.Client`; `pbs.ProbeFingerprint` | `fakeStorage`/`fakeConsumer`/`fakeRunner` internal/pbsdr/manager_test.go (argv+stdin recorder) |
 | `capability.Runner` | internal/capability/probe.go | `*proxmox.ExecRunner` (RunnerDirect) | `fakeRunner` internal/capability/probe_test.go |
 | Cross-repo: local API ↔ controller | internal/localapi/server.go routes; contract seeded by internal/provision/doc.go (`bootstrap.json`: endpoint + leaf fingerprint + token) | felhom-controller's agentapi client | pin = served leaf cert (memory gotcha) |
diff --git a/cmd/felhom-agent/main.go b/cmd/felhom-agent/main.go
index caaa741..20696c2 100644
--- a/cmd/felhom-agent/main.go
+++ b/cmd/felhom-agent/main.go
@@ -167,11 +167,13 @@ func main() {
 		}
 		cfg = config.Default()
 	}
-	logger := applog.New(cfg.LogLevel)
+	// logRing is the always-DEBUG capture ring (v0.83.0 observability): served by the
+	// local API's GET /debug/logs and the heartbeat log-pull. Selftests ignore it.
+	logger, logRing := applog.New(cfg.LogLevel)
 
 	switch selftest.mode {
 	case "":
-		os.Exit(runDaemon(cfg, logger))
+		os.Exit(runDaemon(cfg, logger, logRing))
 	case "read":
 		os.Exit(runSelftestRead(context.Background(), cfg, logger))
 	case "task":
@@ -369,7 +371,7 @@ func logCapabilities(statuses []capability.Status, logger *slog.Logger) {
 
 // runDaemon is the default mode: collect a host-report and POST it to the hub on a
 // loop. Requires both proxmox (to collect) and hub config.
-func runDaemon(cfg config.Config, logger *slog.Logger) int {
+func runDaemon(cfg config.Config, logger *slog.Logger, logRing *applog.Ring) int {
 	if err := cfg.Validate(); err != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "daemon: proxmox not configured:", err)
 		return 2
@@ -427,6 +429,11 @@ func runDaemon(cfg config.Config, logger *slog.Logger) int {
 	collector.SetCapabilityProber(probeAll)
 	loop := hub.NewLoop(collector, client, time.Duration(hcfg.PollSeconds)*time.Second, logger)
 	interval := time.Duration(hcfg.PollSeconds) * time.Second
+	// Heartbeat log-pull (v0.83.0): when the control envelope requests it, the NEXT
+	// heartbeat carries the debug ring's tail (newest-kept, byte-capped in the loop).
+	if logRing != nil {
+		loop.SetLogTailSource(logRing.Lines)
+	}
 
 	// Desired-state provider (slice 10A): the hub-served target the reconcile engine converges
 	// toward. Starts EMPTY (generation 0) — reconcile is a live no-op until the hub serves intent,
@@ -659,7 +666,7 @@ func runDaemon(cfg config.Config, logger *slog.Logger) int {
 	jobsRunner := signedjobs.NewRunner(client, gate, signedjobs.ExecutorChain{wipeExec, decommExec, updateExec}, cfg.Hub.HostID, logger)
 	loop.SetEnvelopeObserver(hub.MultiObserver(desiredSyncer, jobsRunner))
 
-	localSrv := buildLocalAPIServer(cfg, px, backupStore, observer, driveKnown, hostOps, gate, collector, intentRec, guestBindStore, formatJobStore, logger, &localTokens)
+	localSrv := buildLocalAPIServer(cfg, px, backupStore, observer, driveKnown, hostOps, gate, collector, intentRec, guestBindStore, formatJobStore, logRing, logger, &localTokens)
 	if localTokens != nil {
 		defer localTokens.Close()
 	}
@@ -948,7 +955,7 @@ func buildRestoreTestScheduler(cfg config.Config, px *proxmox.Client, engine *re
 // leaf (stable fingerprint). Any failure DISABLES the server (returns nil) WITHOUT crashing the
 // daemon — the host still reports/reconciles; only the controller channel is unavailable until
 // fixed. The opened token store is returned via outTokens so the caller can Close it.
-func buildLocalAPIServer(cfg config.Config, px *proxmox.Client, store *backup.Store, observer *storage.Observer, driveTargets storage.KnownTargets, hostOps *storage.SudoHostOps, gate *reconcile.Gate, collector *hub.Collector, intent localapi.IntentRecorder, guestBinds *localapi.GuestBindStore, formatJobs *localapi.FormatJobStore, logger *slog.Logger, outTokens **localapi.TokenStore) *localapi.Server {
+func buildLocalAPIServer(cfg config.Config, px *proxmox.Client, store *backup.Store, observer *storage.Observer, driveTargets storage.KnownTargets, hostOps *storage.SudoHostOps, gate *reconcile.Gate, collector *hub.Collector, intent localapi.IntentRecorder, guestBinds *localapi.GuestBindStore, formatJobs *localapi.FormatJobStore, logRing *applog.Ring, logger *slog.Logger, outTokens **localapi.TokenStore) *localapi.Server {
 	if !cfg.LocalAPI.Enabled() {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -1019,6 +1026,7 @@ func buildLocalAPIServer(cfg config.Config, px *proxmox.Client, store *backup.St
 		// per-storage view to the customer's monitoring page (reuses the slice-4 collector).
 		HostMetrics: collector,
 		HostID:      cfg.Hub.HostID, // slice 10B: anti-retarget host in the data-bearing-format pending-op
+		LogRing:     logRing,        // v0.83.0: GET /debug/logs — the always-DEBUG capture ring
 		Logger:      logger,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/internal/desired/syncer.go b/internal/desired/syncer.go
index ad93ab2..0e98c55 100644
--- a/internal/desired/syncer.go
+++ b/internal/desired/syncer.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ package desired
 import (
 	"context"
 	"log/slog"
+	"time"
 
 	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/hub"
 	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/reconcile"
@@ -66,12 +67,17 @@ func (s *Syncer) OnEnvelope(ctx context.Context, env *hub.ControlEnvelope) {
 	if env.DesiredGeneration <= have {
 		return // cached: the heavy desired-state moves only on a generation advance
 	}
+	s.logger.Debug("desired: generation advanced — fetching desired-state",
+		"have_generation", have, "envelope_generation", env.DesiredGeneration)
+	start := time.Now()
 	resp, err := s.fetcher.FetchDesiredState(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		s.logger.Warn("desired: fetch failed; keeping cached desired-state",
 			"have_generation", have, "envelope_generation", env.DesiredGeneration, "err", err)
 		return
 	}
+	s.logger.Debug("desired: fetched", "generation", resp.Generation,
+		"duration_ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds())
 	state := mapWire(resp.DesiredState, s.logger)
 	// Cache against the FETCHED generation (not the envelope's) — robust to a generation that
 	// advanced again between the heartbeat and this fetch (we won't re-fetch the same state).
diff --git a/internal/hub/loop.go b/internal/hub/loop.go
index a3a0034..7d553b7 100644
--- a/internal/hub/loop.go
+++ b/internal/hub/loop.go
@@ -57,8 +57,20 @@ type Loop struct {
 	logger    *slog.Logger
 	trigger   <-chan struct{}  // optional: an out-of-band report request (storage watchdog)
 	observer  EnvelopeObserver // optional: the slice-10A desired-state sync hook
+
+	// Heartbeat log-pull (v0.83.0): logTailSource yields the debug ring's formatted
+	// lines newest-kept within a byte budget (applog.Ring.Lines). logTailPending is
+	// armed by an envelope's log_tail_requested and drained onto the NEXT report —
+	// the report-channel logtail.go consume-once shape: a failed push leaves the
+	// hub's request pending, so the next successful envelope re-arms it (fail-safe
+	// retry, no duplicate shipping). Loop state is single-goroutine (cycle only).
+	logTailSource  func(maxBytes int) []string
+	logTailPending bool
 }
 
+// logTailMaxBytes caps the heartbeat log tail (newest lines kept).
+const logTailMaxBytes = 128 * 1024
+
 // NewLoop builds the loop. interval is the starting cadence (the hub may override it
 // per-cycle via the control envelope).
 func NewLoop(collector collectorIface, client reporter, interval time.Duration, logger *slog.Logger) *Loop {
@@ -79,6 +91,10 @@ func (l *Loop) SetTrigger(ch <-chan struct{}) { l.trigger = ch }
 // desired-state when the generation advances. Optional — unset is a clean no-op.
 func (l *Loop) SetEnvelopeObserver(o EnvelopeObserver) { l.observer = o }
 
+// SetLogTailSource wires the debug ring for the heartbeat log-pull (v0.83.0).
+// Optional — unset means an envelope's log_tail_requested is ignored.
+func (l *Loop) SetLogTailSource(src func(maxBytes int) []string) { l.logTailSource = src }
+
 // Run reports immediately, then on each tick, until ctx is cancelled (then nil).
 func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	interval := l.interval
@@ -116,19 +132,40 @@ func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 // cycle runs one collect→report→adopt. It never returns an error: failures are
 // logged and the current interval is kept, so the loop keeps running.
 func (l *Loop) cycle(ctx context.Context, current time.Duration) time.Duration {
+	start := time.Now()
 	report, err := l.collector.Collect(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		l.logger.Warn("hub: collect failed; skipping this cycle's report", "err", err)
 		return current
 	}
+	// Fulfill a pending log-pull: attach the ring tail to THIS report and clear the
+	// local pending flag (consume-once). On a failed push the hub's request is still
+	// pending and the next envelope re-arms it — logtail.go's fail-safe retry shape.
+	// The explicit nil first makes this robust to a collector reusing its report struct.
+	report.LogTail = nil
+	if l.logTailPending && l.logTailSource != nil {
+		report.LogTail = &LogTail{
+			CollectedAt: time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+			Lines:       l.logTailSource(logTailMaxBytes),
+		}
+	}
+	l.logTailPending = false
 	env, err := l.client.Report(ctx, report)
 	if err != nil {
 		l.logger.Warn("hub: report failed; keeping current interval", "err", err)
 		return current
 	}
+	if report.LogTail != nil {
+		// Transparency: the pull is visible in the box's own log (and thus in the ring).
+		l.logger.Info("operator log pull served", "component", "agent", "lines", len(report.LogTail.Lines))
+	}
 	l.logger.Debug("hub: report sent",
-		"guests", len(report.Guests),
+		"guests", len(report.Guests), "duration_ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds(),
 		"blocked", env.Blocked, "desired_generation", env.DesiredGeneration, "has_signed_ops", env.HasSignedOps)
+	if env.LogTailRequested {
+		l.logger.Debug("hub: log tail requested — shipping on the next heartbeat")
+		l.logTailPending = true
+	}
 
 	// Slice 10A: hand the envelope to the desired-state sync hook (fetch desired-state on a
 	// generation advance). Done off the report's critical path semantics — a sync/fetch failure
diff --git a/internal/hub/loop_logtail_test.go b/internal/hub/loop_logtail_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b03a90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/hub/loop_logtail_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package hub
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// recordingReporter records each pushed report and serves a scripted per-call
+// (envelope, error) sequence — the S2 heartbeat log-pull harness.
+type recordingReporter struct {
+	reports []*HostReport
+	script  []struct {
+		env *ControlEnvelope
+		err error
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *recordingReporter) Report(_ context.Context, rep *HostReport) (*ControlEnvelope, error) {
+	// Copy the LogTail pointer state at push time (the loop reuses collector reports).
+	cp := *rep
+	r.reports = append(r.reports, &cp)
+	i := len(r.reports) - 1
+	if i < len(r.script) {
+		return r.script[i].env, r.script[i].err
+	}
+	return &ControlEnvelope{}, nil
+}
+
+func tailLoop(rep *recordingReporter) *Loop {
+	var cn int32
+	l := NewLoop(&fakeCollector{report: &HostReport{}, n: &cn}, rep, time.Hour, quietLogger())
+	l.SetLogTailSource(func(maxBytes int) []string { return []string{"line-a", "line-b"} })
+	return l
+}
+
+// S2 (agent half): an envelope's log_tail_requested arms the pull; the NEXT report
+// carries log_tail; the one after (request cleared hub-side) carries nothing —
+// consume-once. Companion red-proof: drop the `l.logTailPending = false` drain →
+// report 3 also carries a tail → the last assertion fails.
+func TestLoop_LogTailRequestedShipsOnNextReportOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	rep := &recordingReporter{script: []struct {
+		env *ControlEnvelope
+		err error
+	}{
+		{env: &ControlEnvelope{LogTailRequested: true}},
+		{env: &ControlEnvelope{}}, // the tail arrived — hub cleared the request
+		{env: &ControlEnvelope{}},
+	}}
+	l := tailLoop(rep)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	l.cycle(ctx, time.Hour)
+	l.cycle(ctx, time.Hour)
+	l.cycle(ctx, time.Hour)
+
+	if len(rep.reports) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("reports = %d, want 3", len(rep.reports))
+	}
+	if rep.reports[0].LogTail != nil {
+		t.Errorf("report 1 must not carry a tail (the request only arrived in its envelope)")
+	}
+	got := rep.reports[1].LogTail
+	if got == nil || len(got.Lines) != 2 || got.Lines[0] != "line-a" || got.CollectedAt == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("report 2 log_tail = %+v, want the 2 ring lines + collected_at", got)
+	}
+	if rep.reports[2].LogTail != nil {
+		t.Errorf("report 3 carries a tail again — consume-once broken: %+v", rep.reports[2].LogTail)
+	}
+}
+
+// S2 companion (fail-safe retry): the push CARRYING the tail fails → the local pending
+// is spent, but the hub's request is still pending, so the next envelope re-arms it and
+// the following report fulfills. Asserts the retry ships the tail exactly once more.
+func TestLoop_FailedTailPushIsReArmedByNextEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
+	rep := &recordingReporter{script: []struct {
+		env *ControlEnvelope
+		err error
+	}{
+		{env: &ControlEnvelope{LogTailRequested: true}},          // arm
+		{err: errors.New("hub 5xx")},                             // the carrying push FAILS
+		{env: &ControlEnvelope{LogTailRequested: true}},          // hub still pending → re-arm
+		{env: &ControlEnvelope{}},                                // fulfilled
+	}}
+	l := tailLoop(rep)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
+		l.cycle(ctx, time.Hour)
+	}
+	if len(rep.reports) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("reports = %d, want 4", len(rep.reports))
+	}
+	if rep.reports[1].LogTail == nil {
+		t.Errorf("report 2 (the failed push) should have carried the tail")
+	}
+	if rep.reports[2].LogTail != nil {
+		t.Errorf("report 3 must not carry a tail (pending was spent; envelope re-arms only after it)")
+	}
+	if rep.reports[3].LogTail == nil {
+		t.Errorf("report 4 must fulfill the re-armed request — retry lost")
+	}
+}
+
+// No source wired → the request is ignored (clean no-op, no panic).
+func TestLoop_LogTailRequestIgnoredWithoutSource(t *testing.T) {
+	rep := &recordingReporter{script: []struct {
+		env *ControlEnvelope
+		err error
+	}{
+		{env: &ControlEnvelope{LogTailRequested: true}},
+		{env: &ControlEnvelope{}},
+	}}
+	var cn int32
+	l := NewLoop(&fakeCollector{report: &HostReport{}, n: &cn}, rep, time.Hour, quietLogger())
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	l.cycle(ctx, time.Hour)
+	l.cycle(ctx, time.Hour)
+	if rep.reports[1].LogTail != nil {
+		t.Errorf("tail shipped with no source wired: %+v", rep.reports[1].LogTail)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/hub/report.go b/internal/hub/report.go
index 3278c97..f9d4de3 100644
--- a/internal/hub/report.go
+++ b/internal/hub/report.go
@@ -85,6 +85,15 @@ type HostReport struct {
 	// Carries NO secret.
 	PBSDR *PBSDRStatus `json:"pbs_dr,omitempty"`
 
+	// LogTail is the agent's on-demand debug-ring tail (v0.83.0 observability) — the agent
+	// mirror of the controller's report log_tails channel. Present ONLY on the heartbeat
+	// right after the control envelope requested it (log_tail_requested); consume-once on
+	// both ends (the hub clears its pending request on arrival). Newest lines kept, byte-
+	// capped loop-side. Carries log lines only — the logging conventions forbid secrets in
+	// any log line, and the hub's bundle gate re-checks before storing. `omitempty`: absent
+	// in the steady state, so the cross-repo host-report golden stays byte-stable.
+	LogTail *LogTail `json:"log_tail,omitempty"`
+
 	// OOB is the operator-access health stanza (TASK H1). It answers the operator's question — "can I
 	// get into this box right now, and if not, why" — from the hub: felhom-sshd up + on which port,
 	// locally reachable, the tunnel handshake age (the OOB path rides wg-felhom), whether the operator
@@ -368,6 +377,16 @@ type ControlEnvelope struct {
 	Blocked             bool  `json:"blocked"`            // reserved — ignored
 	DesiredGeneration   int64 `json:"desired_generation"` // slice 10A: the cached-vs-current change signal
 	HasSignedOps        bool  `json:"has_signed_ops"`     // slice 10A: signed-jobs queue non-empty (exec 10B)
+	// LogTailRequested (v0.83.0) — the operator wants this agent's debug-ring tail; the
+	// NEXT heartbeat carries it in log_tail (the report-channel log_tail_requests mirror).
+	// Absent/false on an old hub → nothing happens.
+	LogTailRequested bool `json:"log_tail_requested"`
+}
+
+// LogTail is the heartbeat's on-demand agent log tail (see HostReport.LogTail).
+type LogTail struct {
+	CollectedAt string   `json:"collected_at"` // RFC3339
+	Lines       []string `json:"lines"`
 }
 
 // DesiredStateResponse is GET /hosts/{host_id}/desired-state (slice 10A — the "Down" channel's
diff --git a/internal/localapi/controllerswap.go b/internal/localapi/controllerswap.go
index b801b79..7797011 100644
--- a/internal/localapi/controllerswap.go
+++ b/internal/localapi/controllerswap.go
@@ -241,6 +241,7 @@ func (c *ControllerSwapper) Swap(ctx context.Context, vmid int, target string) *
 	c.saveState(st) // crash-safety: previous recorded BEFORE any mutation
 
 	// The controller pre-pulled the image; refuse to swap to an absent image (would brick the guest).
+	c.logger.Debug("controller-swap: pre-pull verify", "vmid", vmid, "target", target, "previous", prev)
 	if !c.imagePresent(ctx, vmid, target) {
 		st.State = "failed"
 		st.Error = "target image not present in guest (controller did not pre-pull it)"
@@ -270,6 +271,7 @@ func (c *ControllerSwapper) Swap(ctx context.Context, vmid int, target string) *
 		c.logger.Info("controller-swap: new controller healthy", "vmid", vmid, "target", target)
 		return st
 	}
+	c.logger.Warn("controller-swap: health verdict negative — rolling back", "vmid", vmid, "target", target)
 	return c.rollback(ctx, st, "new controller did not become healthy within timeout")
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/localapi/debuglogs.go b/internal/localapi/debuglogs.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f198ae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/localapi/debuglogs.go
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package localapi
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	applog "gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/log"
+)
+
+// GET /debug/logs (v0.83.0 observability) — the agent's always-DEBUG capture ring,
+// served over the same token-authed, self-scoped local API as every sibling route.
+// This is what makes the agent's side of a flow (e.g. a NAS verify) visible from the
+// controller's Debug page without journald access or a config flip. ?raw=1 mirrors
+// the controller viewer's plain-text variant. Log lines carry keys never values
+// (logging conventions), so the ring is safe to serve to the guest's operator view.
+
+// handleDebugLogs serves the ring as JSON entries ({entries, total}) or plain text.
+func (s *Server) handleDebugLogs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, vmid int) {
+	if s.logRing == nil {
+		writeErr(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "debug log ring not configured on this agent")
+		return
+	}
+	limit := 0 // 0 = everything held (ring-bounded)
+	if v := r.URL.Query().Get("limit"); v != "" {
+		if n, err := strconv.Atoi(v); err == nil && n > 0 && n <= applog.DefaultRingSize {
+			limit = n
+		}
+	}
+	if r.URL.Query().Get("raw") == "1" {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		for _, line := range s.logRing.Lines(0) {
+			w.Write([]byte(line))
+			w.Write([]byte("\n"))
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	entries, total := s.logRing.Entries(limit)
+	writeOK(w, map[string]any{"vmid": vmid, "entries": entries, "total": total})
+}
+
+// statusRecorder captures the wrapped handler's status for the request log line.
+type statusRecorder struct {
+	http.ResponseWriter
+	status int
+}
+
+func (sr *statusRecorder) WriteHeader(code int) {
+	sr.status = code
+	sr.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(code)
+}
+
+// logRequests is the request-level DEBUG middleware: method, path, status, duration
+// — never bodies (bodies can carry secrets; the ring must not).
+func (s *Server) logRequests(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		start := time.Now()
+		rec := &statusRecorder{ResponseWriter: w, status: http.StatusOK}
+		next.ServeHTTP(rec, r)
+		s.logger.Debug("local-api: request",
+			"method", r.Method, "path", r.URL.Path,
+			"status", rec.status, "duration_ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds())
+	})
+}
diff --git a/internal/localapi/debuglogs_test.go b/internal/localapi/debuglogs_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8da8d24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/localapi/debuglogs_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package localapi
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	applog "gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/log"
+)
+
+// newDebugLogServer builds a minimal server with the debug ring wired and one line
+// of each level captured (emit level info — the capture-at-info posture).
+func newDebugLogServer(t *testing.T) (*Server, *applog.Ring) {
+	t.Helper()
+	logger, ring := applog.NewWithWriter(&bytes.Buffer{}, "info", 50)
+	logger.Debug("netverify: flow detail", "step", "probe")
+	logger.Info("netmount: ensured network mount", "name", "nas")
+	srv, err := NewServer(Options{
+		ListenAddr: "127.0.0.1:0",
+		Guests:     &fakeGuests{},
+		Backups:    &fakeBackups{},
+		Store:      &fakeStore{},
+		Storage:    fakeStorage{},
+		Tokens:     staticTokens{"A": 8200},
+		LogRing:    ring,
+		Logger:     slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil)),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("new server: %v", err)
+	}
+	return srv, ring
+}
+
+// GET /debug/logs serves the ring's entries — INCLUDING the DEBUG line captured at
+// emit level info (the endpoint exists so the controller's agent tab can show flow
+// detail without a config flip). Companion red-proof: unwire LogRing → 503.
+func TestDebugLogs_ServesRingEntriesIncludingDebug(t *testing.T) {
+	srv, _ := newDebugLogServer(t)
+	w := do(t, srv.Handler(), "GET", "/debug/logs", "A", "")
+	if w.Code != 200 {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d body=%s", w.Code, w.Body.String())
+	}
+	var resp struct {
+		OK   bool `json:"ok"`
+		Data struct {
+			Entries []applog.Entry `json:"entries"`
+			Total   int            `json:"total"`
+		} `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !resp.OK || resp.Data.Total != 2 || len(resp.Data.Entries) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("resp = %+v, want ok with 2 entries", resp)
+	}
+	if resp.Data.Entries[0].Level != "DEBUG" || !strings.Contains(resp.Data.Entries[0].Message, "flow detail") {
+		t.Errorf("entry 0 = %+v, want the captured DEBUG line", resp.Data.Entries[0])
+	}
+}
+
+// ?raw=1 serves plain text lines (the controller viewer's raw variant).
+func TestDebugLogs_RawVariant(t *testing.T) {
+	srv, _ := newDebugLogServer(t)
+	w := do(t, srv.Handler(), "GET", "/debug/logs?raw=1", "A", "")
+	if w.Code != 200 || !strings.HasPrefix(w.Header().Get("Content-Type"), "text/plain") {
+		t.Fatalf("status=%d content-type=%q", w.Code, w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+	}
+	body := w.Body.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(body, "[DEBUG]") || !strings.Contains(body, "ensured network mount") {
+		t.Errorf("raw body missing lines:\n%s", body)
+	}
+}
+
+// The route is auth-gated like every sibling (no token → 401), and reports "not
+// configured" (503) when the ring is not wired — never a panic, never an empty 200.
+func TestDebugLogs_AuthAndUnconfigured(t *testing.T) {
+	srv, _ := newDebugLogServer(t)
+	if w := do(t, srv.Handler(), "GET", "/debug/logs", "", ""); w.Code != 401 {
+		t.Errorf("unauthed status = %d, want 401", w.Code)
+	}
+	bare, err := NewServer(Options{
+		ListenAddr: "127.0.0.1:0",
+		Guests:     &fakeGuests{},
+		Backups:    &fakeBackups{},
+		Store:      &fakeStore{},
+		Storage:    fakeStorage{},
+		Tokens:     staticTokens{"A": 8200},
+		Logger:     slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil)),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("new server: %v", err)
+	}
+	if w := do(t, bare.Handler(), "GET", "/debug/logs", "A", ""); w.Code != 503 {
+		t.Errorf("unconfigured status = %d, want 503", w.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+// The request middleware logs method/path/status/duration at DEBUG into the wired
+// logger — proven through a ring-backed server logger (the line must land in the ring).
+func TestRequestLogging_DebugLineInRing(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, ring := applog.NewWithWriter(&bytes.Buffer{}, "info", 50)
+	srv, err := NewServer(Options{
+		ListenAddr: "127.0.0.1:0",
+		Guests:     &fakeGuests{},
+		Backups:    &fakeBackups{},
+		Store:      &fakeStore{},
+		Storage:    fakeStorage{},
+		Tokens:     staticTokens{"A": 8200},
+		LogRing:    ring,
+		Logger:     logger,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("new server: %v", err)
+	}
+	do(t, srv.Handler(), "GET", "/storage", "A", "")
+	entries, _ := ring.Entries(0)
+	found := false
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		if e.Level == "DEBUG" && strings.Contains(e.Message, "local-api: request") &&
+			strings.Contains(e.Message, "path=/storage") {
+			found = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Errorf("no request DEBUG line in the ring; entries=%+v", entries)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/localapi/disks.go b/internal/localapi/disks.go
index fc0e785..e2043d1 100644
--- a/internal/localapi/disks.go
+++ b/internal/localapi/disks.go
@@ -319,6 +319,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleDiskAssign(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, vmid i
 		writeErr(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "assign failed: "+err.Error())
 		return
 	}
+	s.logger.Info("local-api: disk assigned (host mount ensured)", "vmid", vmid, "where", req.Where)
 	writeOK(w, map[string]any{"vmid": vmid, "assigned": req.Where})
 }
 
@@ -372,6 +373,8 @@ func (s *Server) handleDiskEject(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, vmid in
 			return
 		}
 	}
+	s.logger.Info("local-api: drive ejected (bind detached, raw mount kept)",
+		"vmid", vmid, "where", req.Where, "dependent_guests", len(dependents))
 	writeOK(w, map[string]any{"vmid": vmid, "ejected": req.Where, "dependent_guests": dependents})
 }
 
@@ -440,6 +443,8 @@ func (s *Server) handleDiskDecommission(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request,
 	// the RAW /mnt/<name> host mount — that would orphan the drive (a non-removable SATA drive doesn't get
 	// re-plugged), so a one-click re-enroll (H3) could not re-bind it. The soft decommission marker blocks
 	// scheduling; physical removal is the separate "remove from system" action. NEVER format/mkfs here.
+	s.logger.Info("local-api: drive decommissioned (logical retire, data untouched)",
+		"vmid", vmid, "where", req.Where, "durable_id", id, "dependent_guests", len(dependents))
 	writeOK(w, map[string]any{"vmid": vmid, "decommissioned": req.Where, "dependent_guests": dependents})
 }
 
@@ -920,7 +925,10 @@ func (s *Server) ReassertGuestBinds(ctx context.Context) {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	for vmid, ids := range s.guestBinds.Guests() {
+	guests := s.guestBinds.Guests()
+	s.logger.Debug("reconcile: guest-bind re-assert pass",
+		"guests", len(guests), "resolved_mounts", len(mountByDurable))
+	for vmid, ids := range guests {
 		for _, id := range ids {
 			// Intent-aware (B2, load-bearing): NEVER bind a drive that is not currently `enrolled` — an
 			// ejected or decommissioned drive must not auto-rebind, even if still host-mounted. A nil
diff --git a/internal/localapi/netstorage.go b/internal/localapi/netstorage.go
index d717ae7..ca84a1d 100644
--- a/internal/localapi/netstorage.go
+++ b/internal/localapi/netstorage.go
@@ -127,12 +127,15 @@ func (s *Server) handleNetStorageAdd(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, vmi
 	if !s.netReachable(spec.Protocol, spec.Server) {
 		s.releaseNetVerify(job)
 		s.logger.Warn("local-api: network mount refused — endpoint not reachable",
-			"name", spec.Name, "server", spec.Server, "proto", spec.Protocol)
+			"name", spec.Name, "server", spec.Server, "proto", spec.Protocol,
+			"code", storage.NetVerifyUnreachable)
 		writeStatus(w, http.StatusBadGateway, false,
 			map[string]any{"code": storage.NetVerifyUnreachable},
 			"NAS endpoint not reachable")
 		return
 	}
+	s.logger.Debug("local-api: NAS endpoint pre-probe passed",
+		"name", spec.Name, "server", spec.Server, "proto", spec.Protocol)
 
 	// SMB: stage the credentials out-of-band (0600). NFS needs none (server squash).
 	if spec.Protocol == storage.ProtocolSMB {
@@ -144,6 +147,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleNetStorageAdd(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, vmi
 			return
 		}
 		spec.CredsRef = credsPath
+		s.logger.Debug("local-api: SMB credentials staged", "name", spec.Name, "path", credsPath) // path only, never content
 	}
 
 	if err := s.netStorage.EnsureNetworkMount(r.Context(), spec); err != nil {
@@ -251,7 +255,9 @@ func (s *Server) writeSMBCreds(name, username, password string) (string, error)
 
 // removeSMBCreds deletes a share's creds file (best-effort; absent is fine).
 func (s *Server) removeSMBCreds(name string) {
-	_ = os.Remove(s.smbCredsPath(name))
+	if err := os.Remove(s.smbCredsPath(name)); err == nil {
+		s.logger.Debug("local-api: SMB credentials file removed", "name", name, "path", s.smbCredsPath(name))
+	}
 }
 
 // smbCredsPath computes a share's creds file path (pure — used by validation BEFORE the file exists).
diff --git a/internal/localapi/netverify_logseq_test.go b/internal/localapi/netverify_logseq_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c65599
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/localapi/netverify_logseq_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package localapi
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	applog "gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/log"
+)
+
+// S7 sweep smoke (agent half): a full fake NAS add at emit level INFO must leave the
+// EXPECTED LOG SEQUENCE in the debug ring — this is the test that encodes "an operator
+// can reconstruct the NAS flow from the debug view". Companion red-proof: remove any
+// one of the asserted phase lines (e.g. the /proc/mounts verdict Debug) → its marker
+// is absent → FAIL naming the missing phase.
+func TestNetAdd_LogSequenceReconstructsFlow(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, ring := applog.NewWithWriter(&bytes.Buffer{}, "info", 200)
+	n := &fakeNetOps{}
+	srv := newVerifyServer(t, n, t.TempDir(), verifySeams{
+		mounted: func(string) bool { return true }, // §8: in /proc/mounts ⇒ verified
+	})
+	srv.logger = logger // ring-backed capture layer under the whole flow
+
+	body := `{"name":"vids","protocol":"smb","server":"nas","export":"vids","mapped_uid":1000,"mapped_gid":1000,"username":"u","password":"p"}`
+	if w := do(t, srv.Handler(), "POST", "/netstorage/add", "A", body); w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("add: got %d (%s)", w.Code, w.Body.String())
+	}
+	final := pollVerify(t, srv.Handler())
+	if final["phase"] != netVerifyPhaseDone {
+		t.Fatalf("phase = %v, want done", final["phase"])
+	}
+
+	lines := ring.Lines(0)
+	joined := strings.Join(lines, "\n")
+	// The phase markers, in order (each must exist; each must come after the previous).
+	sequence := []string{
+		"NAS endpoint pre-probe passed",
+		"SMB credentials staged",
+		"network mount installed",
+		"netverify: job started",
+		"netverify: /proc/mounts verdict",
+		"netverify: mount verified",
+	}
+	pos := -1
+	for _, marker := range sequence {
+		idx := indexOfLine(lines, marker, pos+1)
+		if idx < 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("phase line %q missing (or out of order) — flow not reconstructable.\nring:\n%s", marker, joined)
+		}
+		pos = idx
+	}
+	// The secret never appears in any line (creds are path-only).
+	if strings.Contains(joined, "password") || strings.Contains(joined, `"p"`) {
+		t.Errorf("a credential-looking token leaked into the log ring:\n%s", joined)
+	}
+}
+
+// indexOfLine finds the first line at or after `from` containing marker; -1 if none.
+func indexOfLine(lines []string, marker string, from int) int {
+	for i := from; i < len(lines); i++ {
+		if strings.Contains(lines[i], marker) {
+			return i
+		}
+	}
+	return -1
+}
diff --git a/internal/localapi/netverifyjob.go b/internal/localapi/netverifyjob.go
index 3113afe..4905d0a 100644
--- a/internal/localapi/netverifyjob.go
+++ b/internal/localapi/netverifyjob.go
@@ -112,8 +112,12 @@ func (s *Server) runNetVerify(spec storage.NetworkMountSpec, job *netVerifyJob)
 	done := make(chan struct{})
 	go func() {
 		defer close(done)
+		start := time.Now()
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(base, netVerifyDeadline)
 		defer cancel()
+		s.logger.Debug("netverify: job started",
+			"job_id", job.JobID, "name", spec.Name, "where", spec.Where(),
+			"proto", spec.Protocol, "deadline_s", int(netVerifyDeadline.Seconds()))
 
 		// Trigger a real mount: a directory read through the enabled automount mounts the share
 		// (spike Q1, ~1 s on a healthy LAN). The read may block until systemd resolves the mount
@@ -123,16 +127,24 @@ func (s *Server) runNetVerify(spec storage.NetworkMountSpec, job *netVerifyJob)
 		go func() { trigger <- s.netTrigger(spec.Where()) }()
 		timedOut := false
 		select {
-		case <-trigger:
+		case terr := <-trigger:
+			// The read error is NOT the verdict (§8) — logged for the flow trace only.
+			s.logger.Debug("netverify: automount trigger returned",
+				"name", spec.Name, "read_err", fmt.Sprint(terr))
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			timedOut = true
+			s.logger.Debug("netverify: deadline fired before the trigger resolved", "name", spec.Name)
 		}
 
 		// §8 truth table: /proc/mounts is the ONLY success judge. A trigger read error on a mounted
 		// share (EACCES on a 0700 export) is a GOOD mount — the controller's uid-1000 probe decides
 		// writability, not the agent user's readability.
-		if s.netMounted(spec.Where()) {
-			s.logger.Info("netverify: mount verified", "name", spec.Name, "where", spec.Where())
+		mounted := s.netMounted(spec.Where())
+		s.logger.Debug("netverify: /proc/mounts verdict",
+			"name", spec.Name, "where", spec.Where(), "mounted", mounted, "timed_out", timedOut)
+		if mounted {
+			s.logger.Info("netverify: mount verified", "name", spec.Name, "where", spec.Where(),
+				"duration_ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds())
 			s.finishNetVerify(job, netVerifyPhaseDone, "", "")
 			return
 		}
@@ -142,7 +154,8 @@ func (s *Server) runNetVerify(spec storage.NetworkMountSpec, job *netVerifyJob)
 		code, detail := s.classifyNetFailure(base, spec, timedOut)
 		s.rollbackNetMount(base, spec)
 		s.logger.Warn("netverify: verify failed — install rolled back",
-			"name", spec.Name, "code", code, "timed_out", timedOut)
+			"name", spec.Name, "code", code, "timed_out", timedOut,
+			"duration_ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds())
 		s.finishNetVerify(job, netVerifyPhaseFailed, code, detail)
 	}()
 	return done
@@ -168,7 +181,9 @@ func (s *Server) classifyNetFailure(base context.Context, spec storage.NetworkMo
 			"unit", unit, "err", jerr)
 		return fallback, "journal unavailable — add the felhom-agent user to the systemd-journal group (usermod -aG systemd-journal felhom-agent)"
 	}
+	s.logger.Debug("netverify: journal tail read for classification", "unit", unit, "bytes", len(tail))
 	code, hint := storage.ClassifyNetVerifyFailure(tail, s.netReachable(spec.Protocol, spec.Server))
+	s.logger.Debug("netverify: failure classified", "name", spec.Name, "code", code, "timed_out", timedOut)
 	if code == storage.NetVerifyMountFailed && timedOut {
 		code = storage.NetVerifyTimeout
 	}
@@ -189,6 +204,8 @@ func (s *Server) rollbackNetMount(base context.Context, spec storage.NetworkMoun
 	if err := s.netStorage.RemoveNetworkMount(ctx, spec.Name); err != nil {
 		s.logger.Error("netverify: rollback RemoveNetworkMount failed (manual cleanup may be needed)",
 			"name", spec.Name, "err", err)
+	} else {
+		s.logger.Info("netverify: failed install rolled back (unit pair removed)", "name", spec.Name)
 	}
 	if spec.Protocol == storage.ProtocolSMB {
 		s.removeSMBCreds(spec.Name)
diff --git a/internal/localapi/server.go b/internal/localapi/server.go
index 754d043..92951e7 100644
--- a/internal/localapi/server.go
+++ b/internal/localapi/server.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 
 	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/escrow"
 	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/hub"
+	applog "gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/log"
 	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/proxmox"
 	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/storage"
 )
@@ -133,7 +134,10 @@ type Options struct {
 	// Supports() compares this against a per-feature MinAgent table instead of route-probing
 	// (v0.82.0; the probe stays as the fallback for header-less agents). Optional.
 	AgentVersion string
-	Logger       *slog.Logger
+	// LogRing is the agent's always-DEBUG capture ring (v0.83.0 observability), served by
+	// GET /debug/logs. OPTIONAL — when nil the endpoint reports "not configured".
+	LogRing *applog.Ring
+	Logger  *slog.Logger
 }
 
 // defaultBackupCadence is the fallback /backup/due window when none is configured.
@@ -191,6 +195,7 @@ type Server struct {
 	hostMetrics  HostMetricsProvider // slice 9 (optional)
 	hostID       string              // slice 10B: for the data-bearing-format pending-op hint
 	agentVersion string              // v0.82.0: the X-Felhom-Agent-Version response header value
+	logRing      *applog.Ring        // v0.83.0: GET /debug/logs source (optional)
 
 	// reresolveWipe performs the [AGENT-001] anti-retarget re-resolution before an
 	// inline customer-confirmed wipe (durable id → current device, re-derive+match,
@@ -281,6 +286,7 @@ func NewServer(o Options) (*Server, error) {
 		hostMetrics:  o.HostMetrics,
 		hostID:       o.HostID,
 		agentVersion: o.AgentVersion,
+		logRing:      o.LogRing,
 		jobs:         map[int]*backupJob{},
 		swapInFlight: map[int]bool{},
 	}
@@ -344,16 +350,21 @@ func (s *Server) Handler() http.Handler {
 	// fork-4 hygiene: wipe the staged secret once escrowed (controller calls this on confirm). Idempotent.
 	mux.HandleFunc("DELETE /escrow/stage-secret", s.withGuest(s.handleWipeStagedEscrowSecret))
 
+	// v0.83.0 observability: the agent's always-DEBUG capture ring, for the controller's
+	// Debug page agent tab (same auth/self-scoping wrap as every sibling route).
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /debug/logs", s.withGuest(s.handleDebugLogs))
+
 	// v0.82.0 version channel: EVERY response (any route, any status — including auth failures)
 	// carries X-Felhom-Agent-Version, so the controller learns the agent version passively from its
 	// ordinary traffic and can capability-gate by comparison instead of route-probing. Header-less
 	// (pre-0.82) agents keep working — the controller falls back to the probe.
-	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	// v0.83.0: wrapped in the request-level DEBUG log middleware (method/path/status/duration).
+	return s.logRequests(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if s.agentVersion != "" {
 			w.Header().Set("X-Felhom-Agent-Version", s.agentVersion)
 		}
 		mux.ServeHTTP(w, r)
-	})
+	}))
 }
 
 // Run binds the bridge socket, serves TLS, and shuts down gracefully on ctx cancellation. It
diff --git a/internal/log/log.go b/internal/log/log.go
index 2ed70a4..bd3e521 100644
--- a/internal/log/log.go
+++ b/internal/log/log.go
@@ -1,28 +1,223 @@
 // Package log builds the agent's slog logger. Kept tiny on purpose; the agent is
 // a host service, so logs go to stderr (journald-friendly). Secrets must never be
 // passed to the logger — config is logged only via Config.Redacted (see config).
+//
+// Observability pass (v0.83.0): New now fans out to TWO handlers — stderr at the
+// configured level (journald behavior unchanged) and an in-memory debug Ring fixed
+// at LevelDebug. The ring is the remote-diagnostics capture layer: DEBUG detail
+// exists for GET /debug/logs and the heartbeat log-pull WITHOUT a config flip.
 package log
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
 	"log/slog"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
 )
 
+// DefaultRingSize is the debug ring's entry capacity (~1000 lines ≈ a few hours of
+// normal operation; the heartbeat tail is additionally byte-capped by its caller).
+const DefaultRingSize = 1000
+
 // New returns a text slog.Logger at the given level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|
-// "error"; unknown falls back to info), writing to stderr.
-func New(level string) *slog.Logger {
-	var lvl slog.Level
+// "error"; unknown falls back to info) writing to stderr, plus the debug Ring
+// that captures EVERY record at LevelDebug regardless of the stderr level.
+func New(level string) (*slog.Logger, *Ring) {
+	return NewWithWriter(os.Stderr, level, DefaultRingSize)
+}
+
+// NewWithWriter is the injectable constructor (tests capture the stderr stream).
+func NewWithWriter(w io.Writer, level string, ringSize int) (*slog.Logger, *Ring) {
+	lvl := ParseLevel(level)
+	ring := NewRing(ringSize)
+	stderrH := slog.NewTextHandler(w, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: lvl})
+	// The ring handler is FIXED at LevelDebug — the capture layer must hold flow
+	// detail even when the emit level is info (the motivating incident: an info box
+	// showed nothing about a refused NAS verify because the detail never existed).
+	ringH := slog.NewTextHandler(ring, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelDebug})
+	return slog.New(fanout{stderrH, ringH}), ring
+}
+
+// ParseLevel maps a config level string to a slog.Level (unknown → info).
+func ParseLevel(level string) slog.Level {
 	switch strings.ToLower(level) {
 	case "debug":
-		lvl = slog.LevelDebug
+		return slog.LevelDebug
 	case "warn", "warning":
-		lvl = slog.LevelWarn
+		return slog.LevelWarn
 	case "error":
-		lvl = slog.LevelError
+		return slog.LevelError
 	default:
-		lvl = slog.LevelInfo
+		return slog.LevelInfo
 	}
-	h := slog.NewTextHandler(os.Stderr, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: lvl})
-	return slog.New(h)
+}
+
+// fanout dispatches one record to every handler whose level admits it. Each
+// handler keeps its own level, so the ring can capture DEBUG while stderr stays
+// at the configured emit level.
+type fanout []slog.Handler
+
+func (f fanout) Enabled(ctx context.Context, lvl slog.Level) bool {
+	for _, h := range f {
+		if h.Enabled(ctx, lvl) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (f fanout) Handle(ctx context.Context, r slog.Record) error {
+	var firstErr error
+	for _, h := range f {
+		if !h.Enabled(ctx, r.Level) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := h.Handle(ctx, r.Clone()); err != nil && firstErr == nil {
+			firstErr = err
+		}
+	}
+	return firstErr
+}
+
+func (f fanout) WithAttrs(attrs []slog.Attr) slog.Handler {
+	out := make(fanout, len(f))
+	for i, h := range f {
+		out[i] = h.WithAttrs(attrs)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (f fanout) WithGroup(name string) slog.Handler {
+	out := make(fanout, len(f))
+	for i, h := range f {
+		out[i] = h.WithGroup(name)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// Entry is one captured log record, parsed from the slog text line (the port of
+// the controller's web.LogBuffer entry, adapted to slog's text format).
+type Entry struct {
+	Time    time.Time `json:"timestamp"`
+	Level   string    `json:"level"`   // DEBUG | INFO | WARN | ERROR
+	Message string    `json:"message"` // msg=… plus attrs, verbatim from the text handler
+}
+
+// Ring is a thread-safe fixed-size ring of Entries. It implements io.Writer so a
+// slog.TextHandler can feed it (one Write per record — TextHandler writes each
+// record as a single line).
+type Ring struct {
+	mu      sync.RWMutex
+	entries []Entry
+	pos     int
+	full    bool
+}
+
+// NewRing creates a ring keeping the last size entries (size ≤ 0 → DefaultRingSize).
+func NewRing(size int) *Ring {
+	if size <= 0 {
+		size = DefaultRingSize
+	}
+	return &Ring{entries: make([]Entry, size)}
+}
+
+// Write parses one slog text line ("time=… level=… msg=… k=v …") into an Entry.
+func (r *Ring) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	line := strings.TrimRight(string(p), "\r\n")
+	if line == "" {
+		return len(p), nil
+	}
+	e := parseSlogLine(line)
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	r.entries[r.pos] = e
+	r.pos = (r.pos + 1) % len(r.entries)
+	if r.pos == 0 && !r.full {
+		r.full = true
+	}
+	r.mu.Unlock()
+	return len(p), nil
+}
+
+// Entries returns up to limit entries in chronological order (newest kept when
+// truncating; limit ≤ 0 or > cap → everything held) plus the total held count.
+func (r *Ring) Entries(limit int) ([]Entry, int) {
+	r.mu.RLock()
+	defer r.mu.RUnlock()
+	total := r.pos
+	start := 0
+	if r.full {
+		total = len(r.entries)
+		start = r.pos
+	}
+	out := make([]Entry, 0, total)
+	for i := 0; i < total; i++ {
+		out = append(out, r.entries[(start+i)%len(r.entries)])
+	}
+	if limit > 0 && len(out) > limit {
+		out = out[len(out)-limit:]
+	}
+	return out, total
+}
+
+// Lines renders the held entries as plain text lines (chronological), dropping
+// from the HEAD (oldest) to honor maxBytes so the newest lines survive — the
+// heartbeat log-tail budget (maxBytes ≤ 0 → no byte cap).
+func (r *Ring) Lines(maxBytes int) []string {
+	entries, _ := r.Entries(0)
+	lines := make([]string, len(entries))
+	for i, e := range entries {
+		lines[i] = e.Time.Format(time.RFC3339) + " [" + e.Level + "] " + e.Message
+	}
+	if maxBytes <= 0 {
+		return lines
+	}
+	total := 0
+	start := len(lines)
+	for i := len(lines) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		total += len(lines[i]) + 1 // +1 for the newline it represents
+		if total > maxBytes {
+			break
+		}
+		start = i
+	}
+	return lines[start:]
+}
+
+// parseSlogLine splits a TextHandler line into time / level / the rest. Attrs and
+// the quoted msg stay verbatim in Message — honest, and immune to quoting edge
+// cases the viewer doesn't need parsed.
+func parseSlogLine(line string) Entry {
+	e := Entry{Level: "INFO", Message: line, Time: time.Now()}
+	rest := line
+	if v, r2, ok := cutField(rest, "time="); ok {
+		if t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, v); err == nil {
+			e.Time = t
+		}
+		rest = r2
+	}
+	if v, r2, ok := cutField(rest, "level="); ok {
+		switch v {
+		case "DEBUG", "INFO", "WARN", "ERROR":
+			e.Level = v
+		}
+		rest = r2
+	}
+	e.Message = rest
+	return e
+}
+
+// cutField extracts a leading `key=value ` field (unquoted — slog never quotes
+// its own time/level values) and returns the value + the remainder.
+func cutField(s, key string) (val, rest string, ok bool) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(s, key) {
+		return "", s, false
+	}
+	s = s[len(key):]
+	if i := strings.IndexByte(s, ' '); i >= 0 {
+		return s[:i], s[i+1:], true
+	}
+	return s, "", true
 }
diff --git a/internal/log/log_test.go b/internal/log/log_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb9a39b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/log/log_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package log
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// S1 capture-at-info (the observability pass's load-bearing property): at emit level
+// "info" a DEBUG line reaches the ring AND is absent from the stderr stream. Companion
+// red-proof: revert the fan-out (New returning a single stderr handler) → the ring
+// misses the DEBUG entry → the first assertion fails.
+func TestCaptureAtInfo_RingHoldsDebugStderrDoesNot(t *testing.T) {
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	logger, ring := NewWithWriter(&stderr, "info", 50)
+
+	logger.Debug("netverify: /proc/mounts verdict", "mounted", false)
+	logger.Info("netmount: ensured network mount", "name", "nas-media")
+
+	entries, total := ring.Entries(0)
+	if total != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("ring holds %d entries, want 2 (DEBUG must be captured at emit level info)", total)
+	}
+	if entries[0].Level != "DEBUG" || !strings.Contains(entries[0].Message, "proc/mounts verdict") {
+		t.Errorf("ring entry 0 = %+v, want the DEBUG verdict line", entries[0])
+	}
+	if entries[1].Level != "INFO" {
+		t.Errorf("ring entry 1 level = %q, want INFO", entries[1].Level)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "proc/mounts verdict") {
+		t.Errorf("stderr contains the DEBUG line at emit level info:\n%s", stderr.String())
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "ensured network mount") {
+		t.Errorf("stderr missing the INFO line:\n%s", stderr.String())
+	}
+}
+
+// At emit level "debug" both sinks carry the line (journald behavior unchanged).
+func TestCaptureAtDebug_BothSinks(t *testing.T) {
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	logger, ring := NewWithWriter(&stderr, "debug", 50)
+	logger.Debug("flow detail", "k", "v")
+	if _, total := ring.Entries(0); total != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("ring total = %d, want 1", total)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "flow detail") {
+		t.Errorf("stderr missing the DEBUG line at emit level debug:\n%s", stderr.String())
+	}
+}
+
+// The ring wraps: with capacity 5 and 8 writes, the NEWEST 5 survive in order.
+func TestRing_WrapKeepsNewest(t *testing.T) {
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	logger, ring := NewWithWriter(&stderr, "error", 5)
+	for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
+		logger.Info(fmt.Sprintf("line-%d", i))
+	}
+	entries, total := ring.Entries(0)
+	if total != 5 || len(entries) != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("total=%d len=%d, want 5", total, len(entries))
+	}
+	for i, e := range entries {
+		want := fmt.Sprintf("line-%d", i+3)
+		if !strings.Contains(e.Message, want) {
+			t.Errorf("entry %d = %q, want it to contain %q (chronological, newest kept)", i, e.Message, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Entries(limit) keeps the most recent `limit` entries.
+func TestRing_LimitKeepsNewest(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, ring := NewWithWriter(&bytes.Buffer{}, "error", 10)
+	for i := 0; i < 6; i++ {
+		logger.Info(fmt.Sprintf("line-%d", i))
+	}
+	entries, _ := ring.Entries(2)
+	if len(entries) != 2 || !strings.Contains(entries[1].Message, "line-5") || !strings.Contains(entries[0].Message, "line-4") {
+		t.Errorf("Entries(2) = %+v, want the two newest lines", entries)
+	}
+}
+
+// Lines honors the byte budget by dropping the OLDEST lines (the heartbeat 128 KB cap).
+func TestRing_LinesByteBudgetKeepsNewest(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, ring := NewWithWriter(&bytes.Buffer{}, "error", 10)
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		logger.Info(fmt.Sprintf("line-%d %s", i, strings.Repeat("x", 100)))
+	}
+	all := ring.Lines(0)
+	if len(all) != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("uncapped lines = %d, want 5", len(all))
+	}
+	// Budget for roughly two lines.
+	budget := len(all[3]) + len(all[4]) + 2
+	capped := ring.Lines(budget)
+	if len(capped) >= 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("byte budget did not truncate: %d lines", len(capped))
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(capped[len(capped)-1], "line-4") {
+		t.Errorf("newest line missing after byte cap: %q", capped[len(capped)-1])
+	}
+}
+
+// The slog text line parser extracts time + level and preserves the remainder verbatim.
+func TestParseSlogLine(t *testing.T) {
+	e := parseSlogLine(`time=2026-07-11T10:30:00.123+02:00 level=WARN msg="verify failed" code=auth_failed`)
+	if e.Level != "WARN" {
+		t.Errorf("level = %q, want WARN", e.Level)
+	}
+	if e.Time.Year() != 2026 || e.Time.Minute() != 30 {
+		t.Errorf("time not parsed: %v", e.Time)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(e.Message, `msg="verify failed"`) || !strings.Contains(e.Message, "code=auth_failed") {
+		t.Errorf("message lost content: %q", e.Message)
+	}
+	// A non-slog line degrades to INFO with the line verbatim (never dropped).
+	raw := parseSlogLine("plain text line")
+	if raw.Level != "INFO" || raw.Message != "plain text line" {
+		t.Errorf("raw line entry = %+v", raw)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/selfupdate/executor.go b/internal/selfupdate/executor.go
index 0066ac6..a3bc2fb 100644
--- a/internal/selfupdate/executor.go
+++ b/internal/selfupdate/executor.go
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ func (e *Executor) Execute(ctx context.Context, op string, params json.RawMessag
 	if e.runner == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("agent_update: no wrapper runner configured")
 	}
+	e.logger.Debug("agent_update: op invariants passed (semver + sha format)", "version", p.Version)
 
 	dir := stagingDir(e.stateDir)
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o750); err != nil {
@@ -107,11 +108,14 @@ func (e *Executor) Execute(ctx context.Context, op string, params json.RawMessag
 	url := interpolateURL(e.urlTemplate, p.Version)
 
 	e.logger.Warn("agent_update: downloading operator-signed binary", "version", p.Version, "url", url, "sha256", p.SHA256)
+	dlStart := time.Now()
 	got, err := e.download(ctx, url, staged)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = os.Remove(staged)
 		return fmt.Errorf("agent_update: download %s: %w", url, err)
 	}
+	e.logger.Debug("agent_update: download complete", "version", p.Version,
+		"sha_match", got == p.SHA256, "duration_ms", time.Since(dlStart).Milliseconds())
 	// The signed sha is the ONLY integrity root — verify BEFORE anything touches the live binary.
 	if got != p.SHA256 {
 		_ = os.Remove(staged)
diff --git a/internal/signedjobs/runner.go b/internal/signedjobs/runner.go
index 05c7cad..83764c3 100644
--- a/internal/signedjobs/runner.go
+++ b/internal/signedjobs/runner.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/authz"
 	"gitea.dooplex.hu/admin/felhom-agent/internal/hub"
@@ -98,10 +99,17 @@ func (r *Runner) RunOnce(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
 	r.mu.Unlock()
 	defer func() { r.mu.Lock(); r.running = false; r.mu.Unlock() }()
 
+	start := time.Now()
 	jobs, err := r.source.Jobs(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("signedjobs: fetch jobs: %w", err)
 	}
+	ids := make([]string, len(jobs))
+	for i, j := range jobs {
+		ids[i] = j.JobID
+	}
+	r.logger.Debug("signedjobs: jobs fetched", "count", len(jobs), "ids", ids,
+		"duration_ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds())
 	processed := 0
 	for _, j := range jobs {
 		if r.processJob(ctx, j) {
@@ -122,6 +130,11 @@ func (r *Runner) processJob(ctx context.Context, j hub.JobWire) bool {
 		return true
 	}
 
+	// Op received — class/target/expiry only, NEVER the signature or nonce material.
+	r.logger.Debug("signedjobs: op received",
+		"job", j.JobID, "op", ob.Op, "target_host", ob.Target.HostID,
+		"issued_at", ob.IssuedAt.Format(time.RFC3339), "expires_at", ob.ExpiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339))
+
 	intent := reconcile.Intent{
 		Class:      reconcile.OpClass(ob.Op),
 		HostID:     ob.Target.HostID,
diff --git a/internal/storage/netmount.go b/internal/storage/netmount.go
index 3d0d93e..7b4c7b2 100644
--- a/internal/storage/netmount.go
+++ b/internal/storage/netmount.go
@@ -366,9 +366,12 @@ func (h *SudoHostOps) EnsureNetworkMount(ctx context.Context, spec NetworkMountS
 	if err := h.installUnit(ctx, mountUnit, renderNetworkMountUnit(spec)); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	h.logger.Debug("netmount: mount unit installed", "unit", mountUnit)
 	if err := h.installUnit(ctx, automountUnit, renderNetworkAutomountUnit(spec)); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	h.logger.Debug("netmount: automount unit installed", "unit", automountUnit,
+		"idle_timeout_s", spec.idleTimeout())
 	if err := h.run(ctx, h.bins.Systemctl, "daemon-reload"); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("netmount: daemon-reload: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -376,6 +379,7 @@ func (h *SudoHostOps) EnsureNetworkMount(ctx context.Context, spec NetworkMountS
 	if err := h.run(ctx, h.bins.Systemctl, "enable", "--now", "--", automountUnit); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("netmount: enabling automount %s: %w", automountUnit, err)
 	}
+	h.logger.Debug("netmount: automount enabled + started", "unit", automountUnit)
 	h.logger.Info("netmount: ensured network mount", "name", spec.Name, "proto", spec.Protocol,
 		"server", spec.Server, "export", spec.Export, "where", spec.Where(), "host_uid", spec.HostUID())
 	return nil
@@ -414,9 +418,15 @@ func (h *SudoHostOps) RemoveNetworkMount(ctx context.Context, name string) error
 	automountUnit := strings.TrimSuffix(mountUnit, ".mount") + ".automount"
 
 	// Stop the automount first (so it can't re-trigger the mount), then the mount. Tolerate "not loaded".
-	_ = h.run(ctx, h.bins.Systemctl, "stop", "--", automountUnit)
-	_ = h.run(ctx, h.bins.Systemctl, "disable", "--", automountUnit)
-	_ = h.run(ctx, h.bins.Systemctl, "stop", "--", mountUnit)
+	for _, step := range [][]string{
+		{"stop", "--", automountUnit},
+		{"disable", "--", automountUnit},
+		{"stop", "--", mountUnit},
+	} {
+		err := h.run(ctx, h.bins.Systemctl, step...)
+		h.logger.Debug("netmount: remove step", "verb", step[0], "unit", step[len(step)-1],
+			"ok", err == nil) // a "not loaded" failure here is expected + tolerated
+	}
 
 	destAuto := filepath.Join(h.unitDir, automountUnit)
 	destMount := filepath.Join(h.unitDir, mountUnit)