feat: comprehensive INFO/WARN/ERROR logging across all controller modules

Add structured operational logging at INFO, WARN, and ERROR levels to
every controller module. Standardize custom prefixes ([GEO], [SCHED],
[SYNC]) to use [INFO/WARN/ERROR] [module] format. Fix misleveled logs
(WARN->ERROR for data loss scenarios, WARN->INFO for routine operations).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

controller/internal/web/server.go

@@ -345,6 +345,7 @@ func (s *Server) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		}
 		s.debugPageHandler(w, r)
 	default:
+		s.logger.Printf("[WARN] [web] 404 Not Found: %s %s", r.Method, path)
 		http.NotFound(w, r)
 	}
 }